Summary about Disease
Vaginocandidiasis, commonly known as a yeast infection, is a fungal infection that causes irritation, discharge, and intense itching of the vagina and the vulva — the tissues at the opening of the vagina. It's a very common condition, affecting most women at some point in their lives. While uncomfortable, it's usually treatable.
Symptoms
Itching and soreness in the vagina and vulva
Burning, especially during urination or intercourse
Redness and swelling of the vulva
Vaginal pain
Thick, white, odor-free discharge that may resemble cottage cheese
Watery vaginal discharge (less common)
Causes
Vaginocandidiasis is typically caused by an overgrowth of the fungus Candida albicans. This fungus is normally present in the vagina in small numbers, along with bacteria. The balance between the fungus and bacteria can be disrupted by:
Antibiotics (which kill bacteria in the vagina)
Pregnancy
Uncontrolled diabetes
Weakened immune system
Oral contraceptives (some types)
Hormone therapy
Douches or vaginal sprays
Medicine Used
Antifungal creams, ointments, or suppositories: These are available over-the-counter (OTC) or by prescription. Common ingredients include miconazole, clotrimazole, tioconazole, and butoconazole.
Oral antifungal medication: Fluconazole (Diflucan) is a single-dose oral medication prescribed by a doctor.
Prescription-strength topical antifungals: For more severe or recurrent infections, a doctor may prescribe stronger topical medications.
Is Communicable
Vaginocandidiasis is not typically considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI). However, it *can* be triggered by sexual activity, and in rare cases, it can be transmitted to a partner, causing a yeast infection of the penis (balanitis).
Precautions
Wear breathable cotton underwear.
Avoid tight-fitting pants or pantyhose.
Change out of wet swimsuits or workout clothes promptly.
Avoid douching, vaginal sprays, and scented feminine products.
Wipe from front to back after using the toilet.
Consider probiotics, especially during and after antibiotic use.
Control blood sugar if you have diabetes.
How long does an outbreak last?
With treatment, symptoms usually improve within a few days. Most infections clear up completely within 1-2 weeks. However, more severe infections may take longer to resolve, and recurrent infections may require longer or more intensive treatment.
How is it diagnosed?
Pelvic exam: A doctor will examine the vagina and vulva.
Vaginal discharge sample: A sample of vaginal discharge is collected and examined under a microscope to identify the presence of Candida fungus.
pH testing: Measuring the pH of the vaginal discharge can help rule out other infections.
Timeline of Symptoms
Initial: Mild itching or burning.
Days 1-3: Symptoms typically worsen, with increased itching, redness, and possibly swelling. Discharge may become more noticeable.
Days 3-7: Symptoms usually peak.
With treatment: Symptoms should start to improve within 1-3 days, with complete resolution within 1-2 weeks. Without treatment, symptoms can persist for weeks or even months.
Important Considerations
Recurrent infections: If you experience four or more yeast infections in a year, consult your doctor. This may indicate an underlying condition or a need for more aggressive treatment.
Self-treating: While OTC medications are available, it's important to see a doctor if you are unsure if you have a yeast infection or if you experience unusual symptoms. Untreated infections can lead to complications.
Pregnancy: If you are pregnant and suspect you have a yeast infection, consult your doctor before using any medication.
Partner treatment: It's usually not necessary to treat male partners unless they develop symptoms.