Summary about Disease
Viral conjunctivitis, commonly known as pinkeye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. It is usually caused by a viral infection and is highly contagious.
Symptoms
Redness in one or both eyes
Gritty feeling in one or both eyes
Itchiness in one or both eyes
Watery discharge from one or both eyes
Increased tearing
Swollen eyelids
Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
Blurred vision (temporary)
Causes
Viral conjunctivitis is most commonly caused by adenoviruses. Other viruses that can cause it include herpesviruses (such as herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus), picornaviruses (such as enterovirus 70 and coxsackievirus A24), and the virus that causes molluscum contagiosum. Viral conjunctivitis often occurs in association with upper respiratory infections, such as the common cold.
Medicine Used
There is no specific antiviral medication to cure most cases of viral conjunctivitis. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms. Artificial tears can help soothe irritation and keep the eyes moist. Cold compresses may also provide relief. In severe cases of herpes simplex virus conjunctivitis, antiviral medications (e.g., acyclovir) may be prescribed. Antibiotics are NOT effective against viral infections and should not be used unless there is a secondary bacterial infection.
Is Communicable
Yes, viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious. It can spread through direct contact with infected eye secretions or contaminated objects.
Precautions
Wash your hands frequently with soap and water.
Avoid touching your eyes.
Use separate towels and washcloths from others.
Don't share eye makeup or personal items.
Clean surfaces that may be contaminated, such as doorknobs and countertops.
Avoid swimming pools.
Stay home from school or work until the symptoms improve or as directed by a healthcare professional.
How long does an outbreak last?
Viral conjunctivitis typically lasts from 1 to 3 weeks. Symptoms usually start in one eye and may spread to the other eye within a few days.
How is it diagnosed?
Viral conjunctivitis is usually diagnosed based on a physical examination and a review of the patient's symptoms. A doctor may examine the eyes and eyelids and ask about the onset and nature of the symptoms. In some cases, viral cultures or PCR testing can be used to identify the specific virus causing the infection, but this is not routinely done.
Timeline of Symptoms
Days 1-3: Initial symptoms, often starting in one eye. Redness, itching, and watery discharge.
Days 3-7: Symptoms may worsen and spread to the other eye. Swelling of the eyelids.
Days 7-14: Symptoms begin to gradually improve. Discharge may become less watery.
Days 14-21: Most symptoms resolve. Some mild redness or irritation may persist for a short time.
Important Considerations
If symptoms worsen or do not improve after a week, consult a doctor.
If you experience significant pain, blurred vision, or sensitivity to light, seek medical attention immediately.
Individuals who wear contact lenses should discontinue wearing them during the infection and until the eyes have completely healed.
Pinkeye can sometimes be caused by bacteria or allergies, so it's important to get an accurate diagnosis.
Newborns with suspected conjunctivitis should be seen by a doctor immediately, as it can be a sign of a serious infection.