Summary about Disease
Viral pharyngitis, commonly known as a sore throat, is an inflammation of the pharynx (the back of the throat) caused by a viral infection. It's a very common ailment, especially among children and during the colder months. Symptoms can range from mild to severe, and it usually resolves on its own within a week to ten days. It is generally less severe than streptococcal pharyngitis ("strep throat"), which is caused by bacteria.
Symptoms
Common symptoms of viral pharyngitis include:
Sore throat
Pain when swallowing
Redness in the back of the throat
Mild fever (lower than 101°F or 38.3°C)
Runny nose
Cough
Hoarseness
Headache
Body aches
Fatigue
Mildly swollen lymph nodes in the neck
Conjunctivitis (pink eye)
Small ulcers in the mouth
Causes
Viral pharyngitis is most commonly caused by the following viruses:
Rhinoviruses (common cold)
Adenoviruses
Influenza viruses (flu)
Parainfluenza viruses (croup)
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV, causing mononucleosis)
Coronavirus (including some strains of COVID-19)
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus, causing hand, foot, and mouth disease)
Medicine Used
There is no specific antiviral medication to cure most cases of viral pharyngitis. Treatment focuses on symptom relief:
Pain relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) can help reduce pain and fever.
Throat lozenges and sprays: These can soothe a sore throat.
Decongestants: Can help with a stuffy nose.
Gargling with warm salt water: Can help soothe a sore throat.
Rest: Getting enough rest allows the body to fight the infection.
Hydration: Drinking plenty of fluids prevents dehydration and keeps the throat moist. Antibiotics are INEFFECTIVE against viral infections and should not be used unless a bacterial infection, such as strep throat, is present.
Is Communicable
Yes, viral pharyngitis is highly communicable. It spreads through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, or sings. It can also spread through contact with contaminated surfaces.
Precautions
To prevent the spread of viral pharyngitis:
Wash hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
Use hand sanitizer if soap and water are not available.
Avoid touching your face, especially your eyes, nose, and mouth.
Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing with a tissue or your elbow.
Avoid close contact with people who are sick.
Stay home if you are sick to prevent spreading the virus to others.
Disinfect frequently touched surfaces like doorknobs, light switches, and countertops.
Don't share eating utensils or drinks.
How long does an outbreak last?
The typical duration of viral pharyngitis is 7-10 days. Symptoms usually peak within the first 2-3 days and gradually improve thereafter. Some symptoms, like a mild cough, may linger for a week or two after the sore throat has resolved.
How is it diagnosed?
Viral pharyngitis is usually diagnosed based on a physical exam and the patient's symptoms. The doctor will examine the throat for redness, swelling, and any visible lesions. If strep throat is suspected, a rapid strep test or throat culture may be performed to rule out a bacterial infection, but these are unnecessary if viral is suspected. A COVID-19 test may also be considered depending on the local prevalence of the virus.
Timeline of Symptoms
The timeline of viral pharyngitis symptoms is approximate and can vary from person to person:
Day 1-2: Initial symptoms, such as a mild sore throat, fatigue, and possibly a runny nose.
Day 2-4: Symptoms worsen, with increased throat pain, difficulty swallowing, cough, and possibly a low-grade fever.
Day 4-7: Symptoms begin to improve gradually. Fever subsides, and throat pain lessens.
Day 7-10: Most symptoms resolve. A mild cough or hoarseness may persist for a few days longer.
Important Considerations
When to see a doctor: While most cases of viral pharyngitis resolve on their own, it's important to see a doctor if you experience:
Severe difficulty swallowing or breathing
High fever (over 101°F or 38.3°C)
Severe headache
Stiff neck
Rash
Ear pain
Symptoms that worsen or do not improve after 10 days
Differentiation from other conditions: It's crucial to differentiate viral pharyngitis from other conditions like strep throat, tonsillitis, or mononucleosis, as these may require specific treatment.
Hydration is key: Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated, especially if you have a fever.