Summary about Disease
A yeast infection, most commonly referring to a vaginal yeast infection (candidiasis), is a fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of Candida yeast, usually *Candida albicans*. While *Candida* is naturally present in the vagina, certain conditions can disrupt the balance and lead to an infection. It is characterized by itching, irritation, and discharge in the vaginal area. Yeast infections can also occur in other parts of the body, such as the mouth (thrush) or skin.
Symptoms
Common symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection include:
Itching in the vaginal area
Burning, especially during urination or intercourse
Redness, swelling, and soreness of the vagina and vulva
Thick, white, odorless discharge resembling cottage cheese
Watery discharge
Vaginal rash
Causes
Factors that can contribute to an overgrowth of Candida and cause a yeast infection include:
Antibiotic use (kills beneficial bacteria)
Pregnancy
Uncontrolled diabetes
Weakened immune system
Hormonal changes (e.g., due to birth control pills)
Douching
Wearing tight-fitting or non-breathable clothing
Stress
Poor hygiene
Medicine Used
Antifungal medications are used to treat yeast infections. These medications come in various forms, including:
Topical Creams and Ointments: These include over-the-counter (OTC) medications like miconazole (Monistat), clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF), tioconazole (Vagistat-1), and prescription medications like nystatin.
Oral Medications: Fluconazole (Diflucan) is a prescription oral antifungal medication.
Suppositories: Antifungal suppositories are inserted into the vagina.
Is Communicable
Yeast infections are generally not considered sexually transmitted infections (STIs). While sexual activity can sometimes trigger a yeast infection, it is not the primary cause. However, *Candida* can be spread through sexual contact in rare cases, and men can develop balanitis (inflammation of the head of the penis) from it.
Precautions
To help prevent yeast infections:
Wear breathable cotton underwear.
Avoid tight-fitting clothing.
Avoid douching.
Change out of wet swimsuits or workout clothes promptly.
Wipe from front to back after using the toilet.
Control blood sugar levels if you have diabetes.
Use antibiotics only when necessary and as prescribed.
Consider probiotics or yogurt with active cultures to maintain healthy vaginal flora.
How long does an outbreak last?
With appropriate treatment, most yeast infections clear up within 1 to 2 weeks. Symptoms often begin to improve within a few days of starting treatment. Some severe infections may take longer to resolve.
How is it diagnosed?
A yeast infection is typically diagnosed through:
Pelvic Exam: A doctor will perform a pelvic exam to visually inspect the vagina and vulva.
Vaginal Secretion Sample: A sample of vaginal discharge may be taken and examined under a microscope to identify the presence of Candida yeast. In some cases, the sample may be sent to a lab for culture.
Timeline of Symptoms
The timeline of symptoms can vary, but generally follows this pattern:
Initial Stage: Mild itching and irritation begin.
Progression: Symptoms worsen, with increased itching, burning, redness, and the development of discharge.
Peak: Symptoms are at their most intense, causing significant discomfort.
Treatment: Symptoms begin to improve within a few days of starting antifungal medication.
Resolution: Symptoms usually resolve within 1-2 weeks with proper treatment.
Important Considerations
Recurrent Yeast Infections: If you experience four or more yeast infections in a year, it is important to see a doctor to rule out underlying conditions and determine the best course of treatment.
Self-Diagnosis: While many women can recognize the symptoms of a yeast infection, it is always best to consult a doctor for a proper diagnosis, especially if you are experiencing symptoms for the first time or if your symptoms are different from previous infections.
Pregnancy: If you are pregnant and suspect you have a yeast infection, consult your doctor before using any medications.
Complicated Yeast Infections: Some yeast infections may be considered complicated, such as those involving severe symptoms, recurrent infections, or infections caused by Candida species other than *Candida albicans*. These may require more aggressive or longer-term treatment.