Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation and ulcers (sores) in the lining of the large intestine (colon) and rectum. It is characterized by recurring episodes of inflammation and remission.
An ulcer is a sore that develops on the skin or a mucous membrane. Ulcers can occur in various parts of the body, but common locations include the stomach (peptic ulcer), duodenum (duodenal ulcer), esophagus, and skin. They are characterized by a break in the skin or mucous membrane lining, exposing underlying tissue.
An umbilical hernia occurs when a portion of the intestine or abdominal tissue protrudes through the umbilical opening (the point where the umbilical cord was attached) in the abdominal muscles. It appears as a bulge near the belly button. Umbilical hernias are common in infants and usually resolve on their own. However, they can also occur in adults.
Unstable angina is a condition where the heart doesn't get enough blood flow and oxygen. It's a type of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and a warning sign that a heart attack may occur soon. Unlike stable angina, which is predictable and relieved by rest or medication, unstable angina is unexpected, occurs at rest, and is more severe and prolonged. It signifies a blockage or narrowing in the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart.
Uremia is a condition resulting from severe kidney dysfunction, specifically kidney failure. When the kidneys are unable to filter waste products from the blood effectively, these toxins accumulate in the bloodstream, leading to a variety of symptoms and health problems. It is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition requiring medical intervention.
Urethritis is an inflammation of the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. It is often, but not always, caused by a bacterial infection, and it can affect both men and women. If left untreated, it can lead to more serious health problems.
Uric acid nephropathy refers to kidney damage caused by the precipitation of uric acid crystals within the kidneys. This can occur in two main forms:
Acute Uric Acid Nephropathy (AUAN): This is a sudden and severe condition, often associated with tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) following cancer treatment. Rapid breakdown of cancer cells releases large amounts of uric acid into the bloodstream, overwhelming the kidneys' ability to excrete it.
Chronic Uric Acid Nephropathy (CUAN): This develops over a longer period, typically due to persistently elevated uric acid levels (hyperuricemia) that lead to gradual kidney damage. Gout, a form of arthritis caused by uric acid crystal deposits in joints, is often associated with CUAN.
Urinary incontinence (UI) is the loss of bladder control. It is not a disease in itself, but rather a symptom of an underlying problem. The severity can range from occasionally leaking urine when you cough or sneeze to having an urge to urinate that's so sudden and strong you don't get to a toilet in time. It is a common problem, especially as people age, but it's not an inevitable part of aging. UI can affect people of all ages, genders, and backgrounds.
Upper Respiratory Infections (URIs) are a group of contagious infections that affect the upper part of your respiratory system. This includes the nose, sinuses, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), and sometimes the trachea (windpipe). They are very common, especially during cold and flu season. Most URIs are mild and resolve on their own. The common cold is the most frequent type of URI.
Urinary retention is the inability to completely empty the bladder. It can be acute (sudden onset) or chronic (gradual development). It can affect both men and women but is more common in men, especially as they age. It can lead to discomfort, pain, and potential complications like urinary tract infections and bladder damage.
Urticaria, commonly known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by raised, itchy welts (wheals) that vary in size and appear on the skin. These welts can appear anywhere on the body and often come and go. Angioedema, which involves swelling in deeper layers of the skin, can sometimes accompany urticaria, particularly around the eyes, lips, and throat.
Uveitis is inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye. The uvea includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. Uveitis can affect one or both eyes and can lead to vision loss if left untreated. The severity can range from mild to severe, and it can be acute (sudden onset) or chronic (long-lasting).
Ulnar nerve entrapment, also known as cubital tunnel syndrome, occurs when the ulnar nerve, which runs along the inside of your elbow and into your hand, becomes compressed or irritated. This compression can happen at several points along the nerve's path, most commonly behind the elbow (cubital tunnel) or at the wrist (Guyon's canal). It can lead to numbness, tingling, pain, and weakness in the hand and fingers, particularly the little finger and ring finger.
Undescended testicle, also known as cryptorchidism, is a condition where one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum before birth. In most cases, the testicle descends on its own within the first few months of life. If it doesn't, medical intervention may be necessary to move it into the correct position.
"Unspecified Mood Disorder" is a broad diagnostic category used when a person exhibits symptoms of a mood disorder (like depression or bipolar disorder) but doesn't fully meet the criteria for any specific mood disorder diagnosis. This might be because the symptoms are atypical, mixed, or there isn't enough information to make a more definitive diagnosis. It essentially signifies that a mood disturbance is present and causing distress or impairment, but further evaluation is needed or the presentation is unique.
Unspecified Anxiety Disorder is a diagnosis used when a person experiences significant anxiety and distress, but their symptoms do not fully meet the criteria for any specific anxiety disorder like Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Panic Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder, or specific phobias. It indicates clinically significant anxiety that impacts daily life but doesn't fit neatly into predefined diagnostic categories.
Unspecified Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorder" is a diagnostic category used when a clinician believes a person has a disorder within the schizophrenia spectrum but doesn't have enough information to diagnose a specific condition (like schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or schizophreniform disorder), or the presentation doesn't fully meet the criteria for a defined disorder. It indicates significant disturbances in thinking, perception, emotional response, and behavior, but the specific nature of the problem requires further evaluation or the symptom pattern is atypical.
Difficulties with self-identity and self-direction
Problems maintaining stable and healthy relationships
Emotional dysregulation, including mood swings, irritability, and anxiety
Impulsivity and risk-taking behaviors
Distorted thinking or perception
Significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning
Unspecified Tic Disorder is a tic disorder that doesn't meet the specific criteria for Tourette's Syndrome, Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder, or Provisional Tic Disorder. It's characterized by the presence of tics, which are sudden, repetitive, nonrhythmic motor movements or vocalizations. Because it's "unspecified," the tics may be atypical in presentation, duration, or onset, or the diagnosis may be made when further evaluation is needed to classify the tic disorder properly.
"Unspecified Sleep Disorder" is a broad term used when a person's sleep disturbance doesn't fit neatly into a defined category of sleep disorders, or when there isn't enough information to make a specific diagnosis. It indicates a problem with sleep quantity, quality, or timing that causes distress or impairment in daily functioning. It's essentially a placeholder diagnosis until more specific information can be gathered.
Unspecified Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is diagnosed when a person shows some symptoms of autism spectrum disorder, but doesn't meet the full criteria for a specific diagnosis within ASD, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder with or without intellectual impairment or social communication disorder. It signifies that there are noticeable difficulties in social communication and/or restricted, repetitive behaviors or interests, but the specific pattern doesn't align with the clearly defined categories. This classification is used when a clinician believes there are significant autistic traits, but not enough information is available to make a more specific diagnosis, or the presentation is atypical.
Memory Loss: Difficulty remembering recent events, names, or appointments.
Cognitive Impairment: Problems with reasoning, problem-solving, judgment, and decision-making.
Language Difficulties: Trouble finding the right words, understanding speech, or expressing thoughts.
Visuospatial Challenges: Difficulty with spatial orientation, judging distances, or recognizing objects.
Behavioral and Psychological Changes: Mood swings, irritability, anxiety, depression, agitation, hallucinations, or delusions.
Executive Functioning Deficits: Difficulty planning, organizing, and completing tasks.
Changes in Personality: Becoming withdrawn, apathetic, or exhibiting inappropriate behavior.
Disorientation: Confusion about time, place, or person.
Unspecified Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. While "unspecified" suggests that the specific subtype isn't clearly defined, individuals often exhibit symptoms impacting daily functioning across multiple settings (e.g., school, work, home). It's a chronic condition typically diagnosed in childhood, but symptoms can persist into adulthood. The severity and presentation of symptoms vary significantly between individuals.
Unspecified Learning Disorder is a broad diagnostic category used when a child demonstrates significant difficulties in learning that don't neatly fit into specific, well-defined learning disorders like dyslexia (reading), dysgraphia (writing), or dyscalculia (math). It indicates a learning problem exists, impacting academic performance, but the specific nature or severity doesn't warrant a more precise classification. This can be due to insufficient information, atypical presentation, or co-occurring conditions that make a more specific diagnosis difficult.
An Unspecified Communication Disorder is a broad diagnostic category used when a person exhibits communication difficulties that don't fit neatly into other, more specific communication disorder classifications (e.g., stuttering, language disorder, social communication disorder). It signifies that there
is
a communication problem impacting the individual's ability to effectively communicate, but the diagnostician lacks sufficient information to pinpoint the precise nature of the difficulty, or the presentation is atypical. This is often used as a temporary diagnosis while further evaluation is conducted.
Unspecified Motor Disorder is a broad diagnostic category used when a patient exhibits motor abnormalities, but the specific type or cause of the motor disorder cannot be clearly identified based on available information. This could be due to incomplete testing, atypical presentation of a known disorder, or the presence of multiple contributing factors. It essentially acknowledges a problem with movement control without specifying the underlying condition.
Anxiety and worry
Depressed mood
Irritability and anger
Difficulty concentrating
Sleep disturbances
Avoidance of reminders of the stressor
Emotional numbness or detachment
Flashbacks or intrusive thoughts (though not meeting the frequency or duration required for PTSD)
Hypervigilance
Changes in behavior or personality
Physical symptoms such as headaches or stomachaches.
Social withdrawl
Unspecified Feeding or Eating Disorder (UFED) is a category used when someone's eating behaviors cause significant distress or impairment but don't meet the full criteria for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, or other specified feeding or eating disorders. It encompasses a range of disordered eating behaviors and thought patterns that negatively impact physical and/or mental health. It's a clinically significant condition requiring assessment and treatment.
Symptoms vary widely but often include:
Feelings of detachment from oneself or one's surroundings (depersonalization or derealization).
A sense of unreality.
Memory problems or gaps in recall (amnesia).
Confusion about identity.
Emotional numbing.
A sense of being separate from one's body.
Difficulties with sense of self, or identity.
Unspecified Elimination Disorder (also sometimes referred to as Functional Elimination Disorders when a medical cause is not identifiable) refers to difficulties with bowel or bladder control that are not caused by an underlying medical condition like a structural abnormality or a specific disease. It's a broad term covering situations where a child or adult has problems with urination (enuresis) or defecation (encopresis) beyond the expected age of continence, and when other more specific conditions aren't clearly present. The lack of specificity implies the exact cause and specific features are not easily categorized.
Unspecified Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder is a diagnostic category used when a person presents with somatic symptoms (physical symptoms) that are distressing or result in significant disruption of daily life, but do not meet the full criteria for a specific somatic symptom disorder or another related disorder. The symptoms may or may not have an identifiable medical cause. The key feature is the excessive and maladaptive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors related to the symptoms.
"Unspecified Sexual Dysfunction" (USD) is a diagnostic term used when a person experiences problems with sexual function (desire, arousal, orgasm, or pain) that cause distress or interpersonal difficulties, but the specific type of dysfunction doesn't fit neatly into other diagnostic categories (e.g., erectile dysfunction, female orgasmic disorder). It's a "catch-all" when more specific diagnosis is not available or the information is insufficient for a clear diagnosis.
Symptoms of Unspecified Gender Dysphoria can vary widely but typically involve distress related to gender incongruence. These may include:
A desire to be of a different gender.
Cross-dressing or a preference for clothing associated with a different gender.
Discomfort with one's own body and/or assigned gender roles.
Anxiety, depression, or irritability related to gender identity.
Social withdrawal or isolation due to gender-related distress.
Feeling that one's feelings and reactions are those of the other gender.
Experiencing intense feelings of sadness/depression because of the way one’s body looks.
Wanting to have the physical characteristics of the opposite sex.
Unspecified Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) is a childhood condition characterized by severe and recurrent temper outbursts that are grossly out of proportion to the situation. These outbursts occur, on average, three or more times per week. Between outbursts, children with DMDD exhibit a persistently irritable or angry mood that is observable by others (parents, teachers, peers). It's a relatively new diagnosis, intended to address the over-diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children.
"Unspecified Neurodevelopmental Disorder" is a broad diagnostic category used when a child exhibits symptoms characteristic of a neurodevelopmental disorder (e.g., intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, learning disorders, communication disorders, motor disorders) but doesn't fully meet the criteria for a specific, well-defined disorder. This might be due to insufficient information to make a more precise diagnosis, atypical presentations, or the presence of overlapping symptoms. It acknowledges that there's a developmental concern requiring intervention.
Unspecified Neurocognitive Disorder is a general diagnostic term used when a person exhibits cognitive decline but doesn't meet the specific criteria for a particular neurocognitive disorder like Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, or frontotemporal dementia. It indicates there's a noticeable and measurable decline in cognitive abilities compared to a previous level of performance, affecting areas such as memory, language, executive function (planning, problem-solving), attention, or perceptual-motor skills. The exact nature and underlying cause of the cognitive impairment are either unclear or insufficient to pinpoint a more specific diagnosis.
"Unspecified Mental Disorder Due to a General Medical Condition" is a diagnosis used when a person exhibits significant mental or behavioral symptoms directly caused by a physical illness or medical condition, but the symptoms don't meet the criteria for a more specific mental disorder. It's essentially a placeholder diagnosis when a clear link exists between a medical condition and mental health symptoms, but the precise nature of the mental disorder can't be determined.
Unspecified Paraphilic Disorder is a diagnostic category used when a person experiences persistent or recurrent sexual arousal to unusual objects, activities, or situations, but the specific criteria for any of the defined paraphilic disorders are not met. The individual experiences clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning as a result of these paraphilic interests, or their paraphilic interests involve sexual behaviors where a person's lack of consent leads to actual or potential physical or psychological harm to another person.
Unspecified Substance-Related and Addictive Disorder is a general diagnostic category used when an individual exhibits significant distress or impairment related to substance use (including alcohol, illicit drugs, or prescription medications) or addictive behaviors (like gambling), but doesn't meet the full criteria for a specific substance use disorder or behavioral addiction. This diagnosis acknowledges the presence of problematic patterns of behavior without pinpointing a precise type or severity. It's often a provisional diagnosis used when more information is needed.
"Unspecified Other Specified Mental Disorder" is a diagnosis used when a clinician believes a person has a mental disorder that causes significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning, but the symptoms do not meet the full criteria for any specific mental disorder listed in diagnostic manuals like the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition). This category allows clinicians to acknowledge and address mental health concerns that fall outside the neatly defined boxes of more specific diagnoses. The term "Other Specified" means the clinician
specifies
the reason why the presentation does not meet criteria for a more specific diagnosis (e.g., "Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome"). "Unspecified" means the clinician does
not
specify the reason.
"Unspecified Mental Disorder" is a broad diagnostic category used when a clinician believes an individual has a mental disorder but doesn't fully meet the criteria for any specific disorder or is unable to specify the exact nature of the disturbance. It's a placeholder diagnosis that needs further evaluation and refinement. It is important to note that this is not a specific diagnosis and requires further investigation to determine the underlying issue.
Unverricht-Lundborg Disease (ULD), also known as progressive myoclonic epilepsy type 1 (EPM1), is a rare, inherited neurological disorder characterized by myoclonic seizures (sudden, brief, involuntary muscle jerks) and progressive neurological decline. The onset typically occurs in childhood or adolescence. The severity and progression of symptoms can vary among affected individuals.
Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths that develop in the uterus. They are also known as leiomyomas or myomas. These fibroids can vary in size, number, and location within the uterus. Many women have uterine fibroids at some point in their lives, but often are unaware of them because they cause no symptoms.
Uterine prolapse occurs when the uterus descends from its normal position into the vaginal canal. This happens when the pelvic floor muscles and ligaments weaken and are no longer able to support the uterus. The severity can range from mild, where the uterus slightly drops, to complete, where the uterus protrudes outside the vaginal opening.
Upper limb pain is a broad term referring to any pain experienced in the arm, from the shoulder to the fingertips. The causes range from minor muscle strains to more serious conditions like nerve compression or arthritis. The pain can be acute (sudden onset) or chronic (long-lasting). Management focuses on alleviating the pain, addressing the underlying cause, and restoring function.
Uterine cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the uterus. The uterus is a hollow, pear-shaped organ in the female pelvis where a baby can grow. Uterine cancer can arise in the lining of the uterus (endometrium), which is called endometrial cancer, or in the muscle wall of the uterus (uterine sarcoma). Endometrial cancer is far more common than uterine sarcoma.
Uvulitis is the inflammation of the uvula, the small, fleshy tissue that hangs down from the soft palate at the back of the throat. It can cause discomfort and difficulty swallowing, among other symptoms. The inflammation is usually a result of infection, allergic reaction, trauma, or exposure to irritants.
Usher syndrome is a genetic condition that causes both hearing loss and progressive vision loss due to retinitis pigmentosa (RP). RP is an eye disorder that causes the light-sensitive cells in the retina to gradually deteriorate, leading to night blindness and a loss of peripheral vision. There are different types of Usher syndrome, classified based on the severity of hearing loss and the age of onset of RP.
Urticaria Pigmentosa (UP) is the most common form of cutaneous mastocytosis, a rare disorder characterized by an abnormal accumulation of mast cells in the skin. These mast cells release histamine and other mediators, leading to various symptoms. While primarily affecting the skin, it can sometimes involve other organs. The severity varies greatly between individuals, ranging from mild skin irritation to more systemic manifestations.
Unilateral Vestibular Hypofunction (UVH) is a condition where one of the vestibular (inner ear balance) systems is not functioning properly. The vestibular system is responsible for sensing head movements and maintaining balance. When one side is weaker than the other, it creates an imbalance, leading to a variety of symptoms related to dizziness, vertigo, and balance.
Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease (UCTD) is a condition where a person has symptoms suggestive of a systemic autoimmune connective tissue disease (like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, or scleroderma) but doesn't meet the full diagnostic criteria for any specific, well-defined illness. Individuals with UCTD have signs and symptoms indicating a connective tissue disease, but the criteria for definitive diagnosis of a specific disease are not met. This condition can remain stable, resolve over time, or evolve into a more defined connective tissue disease.
Uncal herniation is a type of brain herniation that occurs when the uncus, the innermost part of the temporal lobe, is displaced downward through the tentorial notch (an opening in the tentorium cerebelli). This displacement puts pressure on nearby structures, including the brainstem, particularly the midbrain and the oculomotor nerve (CN III). It's a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical intervention.
Ureteropelvic Junction (UPJ) obstruction is a blockage or narrowing where the ureter (the tube that carries urine from the kidney) connects to the renal pelvis (the collecting system of the kidney). This obstruction impedes urine flow from the kidney to the bladder, potentially causing kidney swelling (hydronephrosis) and, if left untreated, kidney damage.
Urethral stricture is a narrowing of the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. This narrowing restricts the flow of urine and can lead to various urinary problems. The stricture is usually caused by scar tissue formation from injury, infection, inflammation, or medical procedures.
A ureteral stricture is a narrowing of the ureter, the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. This narrowing can obstruct the flow of urine, potentially leading to kidney damage, infection, and pain. The stricture can be caused by various factors, including injury, surgery, infection, or congenital abnormalities. Treatment aims to relieve the obstruction and restore normal urine flow.
A urethral caruncle is a benign (non-cancerous) growth that occurs on the posterior lip (back side) of the external urethral opening in women. It is typically a small, fleshy, red or reddish-brown growth. Although generally harmless, it can sometimes cause uncomfortable symptoms.
Uveal melanoma is a rare type of cancer that develops in the uvea, the middle layer of the eye. The uvea consists of the iris (the colored part of the eye), the ciliary body (which produces fluid in the eye and helps with focusing), and the choroid (a layer of blood vessels between the retina and the sclera, the white of the eye). Uveal melanoma is different from skin melanoma and requires specific treatment approaches. It can be life-threatening if it spreads beyond the eye (metastasizes).
Uterine sarcoma is a rare type of cancer that forms in the muscles and supporting tissues of the uterus. It's different from the more common type of uterine cancer, endometrial cancer, which develops in the lining of the uterus. Uterine sarcomas are aggressive and can be difficult to treat. There are several types, including leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma, and undifferentiated sarcoma.
1. Summary about disease Ulcerative proctitis is a form of ulcerative colitis (UC) that affects only the rectum. It causes inflammation and ulcers (sores) in the lining of the rectum. This can lead to symptoms like rectal bleeding, diarrhea, and urgency to defecate. While it's a localized condition, if left untreated, it can sometimes spread to involve more of the colon.
Undifferentiated schizophrenia is a subtype of schizophrenia characterized by the presence of psychotic symptoms, but the individual does not fit neatly into the diagnostic criteria for paranoid, disorganized, or catatonic schizophrenia. They experience a mix of symptoms from different subtypes, or symptoms that change too frequently to categorize into one specific subtype. The condition involves significant impairments in thinking, emotion, and behavior.
Uterovaginal prolapse occurs when the uterus and/or vaginal walls descend from their normal position in the pelvis. This happens when the pelvic floor muscles and ligaments that support these organs weaken or become damaged. The prolapse can range in severity from a mild descent to a complete protrusion of the uterus or vagina outside of the vaginal opening. The condition can affect quality of life and daily activities.
Undulant fever, also known as brucellosis, is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus
Brucella
. These bacteria primarily infect animals like cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and dogs. Humans typically contract the disease through direct contact with infected animals, consuming unpasteurized dairy products, or inhaling contaminated aerosols. The disease is characterized by fluctuating (undulating) fever, hence the name.
Unilateral neglect (also called hemispatial neglect, spatial neglect, or neglect syndrome) is a neuropsychological condition that occurs after brain damage, typically to the right parietal lobe. It results in a deficit in attention to and awareness of one side of space, usually the side opposite the brain damage (contralateral). This means a person with unilateral neglect may fail to attend to or acknowledge stimuli presented on the left side of their body and the space around them, even though their sensory abilities (vision, hearing, touch) are intact. It is important to note that unilateral neglect is a disorder of attention, not of sensory function.
Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) lesions refer to damage to the motor neurons located in the brain and spinal cord that control voluntary movement. These neurons carry signals from the brain down to the lower motor neurons (LMNs), which directly innervate muscles. Damage to UMNs disrupts this communication, leading to a characteristic set of symptoms. UMN lesions can result from various conditions like stroke, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy. The resulting symptoms differ from those caused by lower motor neuron lesions.
A urethrovaginal fistula (UVF) is an abnormal connection between the urethra and the vagina. This connection allows urine to leak uncontrollably from the urethra into the vagina, leading to urinary incontinence and related hygiene issues. The size of the fistula can vary, impacting the severity of symptoms. UVFs are relatively rare and can significantly impact a woman's quality of life.
Uric acid stones are a type of kidney stone that forms when urine contains too much uric acid. Uric acid is a waste product formed from the breakdown of purines, which are found naturally in the body and in certain foods. When uric acid levels in the urine are high and the urine is acidic, uric acid can crystallize and form stones in the kidneys. Unlike some other types of kidney stones, uric acid stones are radiolucent, meaning they do not show up on standard X-rays.
Loud snoring
Episodes of stopped breathing during sleep (apnea)
Gasping or choking during sleep
Daytime sleepiness
Difficulty concentrating
Morning headaches
Irritability
High blood pressure
Urticarial vasculitis (UV) is a skin condition characterized by hives (urticaria) accompanied by inflammation of small blood vessels in the skin (vasculitis). Unlike ordinary hives, UV lesions tend to last longer, are often painful, and may leave bruising or discoloration as they resolve. It can be a sign of an underlying systemic condition, but in some cases, the cause is unknown.
Unilateral Hearing Loss (UHL), also known as single-sided deafness (SSD), refers to hearing loss affecting only one ear, while the other ear has normal or near-normal hearing. This condition can range in severity from mild to profound. It poses unique challenges for sound localization, understanding speech in noisy environments, and overall sound perception.
Unilateral vocal cord paralysis (UVCP) occurs when one of the vocal cords is unable to move. This immobility is typically due to nerve damage affecting the recurrent laryngeal nerve, which controls vocal cord movement. This paralysis affects voice production, breathing, and swallowing. The impact of UVCP varies depending on the position of the paralyzed vocal cord and the effectiveness of the remaining mobile vocal cord.
Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis (UEDVT) is a blood clot that forms in a deep vein of the arm, shoulder, or neck. It is less common than deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the legs but can have serious consequences, including pulmonary embolism (PE), a life-threatening condition where the clot travels to the lungs.
Urethral prolapse is a condition where the inner lining of the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body) protrudes through the urethral opening. It appears as a small, reddish, donut-shaped mass at the external urethral opening, primarily affecting young girls before puberty and postmenopausal women.
Urticaria (hives) is a skin condition characterized by raised, itchy welts (wheals) that appear on the skin. Angioedema is swelling in the deeper layers of the skin, often occurring with urticaria. Both conditions are usually triggered by an allergic reaction, but other causes are possible. The conditions can resolve quickly or become chronic, lasting for longer than six weeks.
1. Summary About Disease Uterine adenomyosis is a condition where the endometrial tissue, which normally lines the uterus, grows into the muscular wall of the uterus (the myometrium). This misplaced tissue continues to act as it normally would — thickening, breaking down, and bleeding — during each menstrual cycle. This can lead to an enlarged uterus, painful and heavy periods, and pelvic pain. It's a benign (non-cancerous) condition, but the symptoms can significantly impact a woman's quality of life.
Uterine inversion is a rare but serious obstetric emergency where the uterus turns inside out, often following childbirth. It can be classified based on the degree of inversion (incomplete, complete, prolapsed, or total) and the timing (acute, subacute, or chronic). It is a potentially life-threatening condition due to the risk of severe hemorrhage and shock. Prompt recognition and management are crucial.
Uterine rupture is a tear in the wall of the uterus. It's a serious obstetrical emergency, most often occurring during labor in women who have had a previous Cesarean delivery or other uterine surgery. Uterine rupture can lead to severe hemorrhage, fetal distress, and maternal and fetal mortality. Prompt diagnosis and treatment, typically involving emergency Cesarean delivery and uterine repair or hysterectomy, are crucial.
Recurrent miscarriages
Infertility
Preterm labor and delivery
Breech presentation of the fetus
Painful periods (dysmenorrhea)
Abnormal vaginal bleeding
Ulcerative Dermatitis (UD) is a skin disease primarily affecting laboratory mice, although it can also occur in other rodents. It's characterized by self-trauma leading to ulcerated lesions, typically on the dorsal surface of the neck and head. The exact cause is multifactorial and poorly understood, but genetic predisposition, environmental stressors, and immune dysfunction play significant roles. It can cause considerable morbidity and welfare concerns in affected animals.
An umbilical granuloma is a small, moist, pink or red lump of tissue that remains on a baby's belly button after the umbilical cord has fallen off. It is not an infection, but rather a collection of extra tissue that forms during the healing process. It is relatively common in newborns and infants.
An unstable pelvic fracture involves a break in the pelvic ring with displacement. This displacement indicates significant injury to the bony structures and supporting ligaments of the pelvis. Due to the extensive force required to cause such a fracture, these injuries are often associated with significant internal bleeding and damage to other organs. They are considered orthopedic emergencies.
Upper extremity nerve injuries encompass damage to any of the nerves in the arm, from the shoulder to the fingertips. These injuries can range from mild nerve compression (e.g., carpal tunnel syndrome) to severe nerve transection. The resulting functional impairment varies based on the nerve(s) affected and the severity of the damage. The main nerves involved are the median, ulnar, and radial nerves, as well as branches from the brachial plexus. The prognosis depends on the type of injury, its location, and the timeliness of treatment.
Ureteral obstruction is a blockage in one or both of the ureters, the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. This blockage prevents urine from draining properly, which can lead to a buildup of urine in the kidneys (hydronephrosis) and potential kidney damage, infection, or even kidney failure if left untreated. The obstruction can be partial or complete and can develop suddenly or gradually.
Ureteral reflux, also known as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), is a condition where urine flows backward from the bladder into one or both ureters, and sometimes even up to the kidneys. Normally, a valve-like mechanism at the junction of the ureter and bladder prevents this backflow. VUR can increase the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and, in severe cases, kidney damage (reflux nephropathy). It is more common in infants and young children.
A urethral diverticulum is a pouch or sac that forms along the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. It can occur in both men and women, but is more common in women. The diverticulum can fill with urine and lead to various symptoms. It is not a sexually transmitted disease.
A urethral foreign body refers to the presence of an object lodged within the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. These objects are usually inserted intentionally (often for sexual gratification or experimentation), but sometimes can migrate into the urethra from surrounding tissues or be iatrogenic (result from a medical procedure). The presence of a foreign body can cause pain, bleeding, infection, and difficulty urinating. Prompt diagnosis and removal are crucial to prevent serious complications.
Uric acid diathesis, more commonly understood through its manifestations like gout or kidney stones, refers to a predisposition to having abnormally high levels of uric acid in the body (hyperuricemia). This elevated uric acid can lead to the formation of urate crystals that deposit in joints, kidneys, and other tissues, causing a range of health issues. It's not a disease in itself, but a metabolic condition that increases the risk of developing diseases such as gout, kidney stones, and, rarely, kidney disease.
Urogenital sinus (UGS) anomalies are a group of rare birth defects affecting the development of the urinary and reproductive tracts in females (and rarely in males). The urogenital sinus is a structure in the developing embryo that gives rise to the bladder, urethra, and vagina (in females) or urethra and part of the penis (in males). When the UGS doesn't develop properly, it can lead to various malformations involving these structures, often resulting in a common opening (cloaca) for the urinary, reproductive, and digestive systems. Severity can range from mild to severe, depending on the extent and type of malformation.
Cholinergic urticaria (CU) is a type of physical urticaria triggered by an elevation in body temperature that occurs due to physical exertion, emotional stress, or passive warming. It is characterized by the rapid appearance of small, intensely itchy wheals (hives) surrounded by redness (erythema).
Loud snoring
Pauses in breathing during sleep (apnea)
Gasping or choking during sleep
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Morning headaches
Difficulty concentrating
Irritability
High blood pressure
Decreased libido
Nighttime sweating
Frequent nighttime urination
Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common infections of the bladder (cystitis) in otherwise healthy, non-pregnant women. They are typically caused by bacteria entering the urethra and traveling to the bladder, leading to inflammation and infection. "Uncomplicated" means the infection occurs in a healthy urinary tract without structural abnormalities or underlying medical conditions that complicate treatment.
Undescended scapula, also known as Sprengel's deformity, is a rare congenital condition where one or both scapulae (shoulder blades) fail to descend completely during fetal development. This results in a scapula that sits higher on the back than normal, often causing cosmetic deformity and limited shoulder movement. It can occur in isolation or be associated with other skeletal or organ system abnormalities.
Unilateral breast pain, also known as mastalgia, refers to pain experienced in one breast only. It is a common condition affecting women of all ages, although it's most prevalent in women aged 30-50. The pain can range from mild discomfort to severe, debilitating pain and may be constant or intermittent. It can be cyclical, related to the menstrual cycle, or non-cyclical, with no connection to menstruation. While breast pain can be alarming, it's rarely a sign of breast cancer, especially if it's cyclical and accompanied by other premenstrual symptoms.
Unfused metatarsals refer to a condition where the metatarsal bones in the foot, which are typically fully formed and fused by adulthood, remain partially or completely unfused. This can result from a variety of underlying causes, affecting the foot's structure and function. The degree of unfusion can vary, leading to a range of symptoms and requiring tailored management strategies.
Unilateral edema refers to swelling that occurs in only one limb (arm or leg) or one side of the body. It is not a disease itself but rather a symptom of an underlying medical condition. This condition affects only one limb or side of the body. Unlike generalized edema which affects the whole body, unilateral edema typically indicates a localized problem impacting fluid drainage in that specific area.
Unilateral facial weakness, also known as facial palsy, is a condition characterized by weakness or paralysis affecting one side of the face. This can result in difficulty controlling facial movements, such as closing the eye, smiling, or raising the eyebrow on the affected side. The severity of facial weakness can vary from mild to complete paralysis. Bell's palsy is a common type of unilateral facial weakness where the cause is often unknown, although viral infection is often implicated. Other causes can include stroke, tumors, trauma, and infections.
Unilateral leg pain refers to pain experienced in only one leg. It's a symptom, not a disease in itself, and can arise from various underlying causes, ranging from minor muscle strains to more serious conditions affecting nerves, blood vessels, or bones. The nature of the pain (sharp, dull, aching, burning), its location (thigh, calf, foot), and any associated symptoms are crucial for diagnosis.
Pain (sharp, dull, aching, burning, cramping) in the upper abdomen
Nausea
Vomiting
Heartburn
Bloating
Gas
Loss of appetite
Indigestion
Belching
Fever (in some cases, indicating infection)
Changes in bowel habits (constipation or diarrhea)
Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
Pain: Aching, sharp, burning, or throbbing pain in the upper arm.
Tenderness: Sensitivity to touch in specific areas of the arm.
Stiffness: Difficulty moving the arm or shoulder.
Weakness: Decreased strength in the arm or hand.
Numbness/Tingling: A pins-and-needles sensation radiating down the arm or into the hand.
Swelling: Visible swelling or inflammation.
Limited Range of Motion: Inability to move the arm through its full range of motion.
Clicking/Popping: Sounds or sensations in the shoulder joint during movement.
Deformity: Visible changes in the shape of the arm or shoulder.
Upper back pain refers to pain felt in the area between the base of your neck and the bottom of your rib cage. This area of the spine is called the thoracic spine. It's less mobile than the neck and lower back, making it less prone to injury than those areas. Pain can range from a dull ache to sharp, stabbing sensations.
Upper eyelid swelling, also known as eyelid edema, refers to the abnormal enlargement or puffiness of the upper eyelid. It can range from mild and barely noticeable to severe, causing significant discomfort and vision impairment. The swelling can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergies, infections, injuries, and systemic diseases.
Hematemesis: Vomiting blood, which may be bright red or have a "coffee grounds" appearance (due to partially digested blood).
Melena: Black, tarry stools (due to digested blood).
Hematochezia: Bright red blood in the stool (more common with lower GI bleeding, but can occur with rapid, significant upper GI bleeding).
Dizziness or Lightheadedness: Caused by blood loss and decreased blood pressure.
Fatigue or Weakness: Due to anemia from chronic blood loss.
Shortness of Breath: In severe cases due to anemia and decreased oxygen-carrying capacity.
Abdominal Pain: May be present, depending on the underlying cause.
Symptoms of Shock: In severe bleeding, including rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, confusion, and decreased urine output.
Urge incontinence is a type of urinary incontinence characterized by a sudden, strong urge to urinate that you can't control, leading to involuntary urine leakage. It's often referred to as overactive bladder (OAB), although OAB also includes urgency and frequency without necessarily having incontinence. The bladder muscles contract involuntarily, even when the bladder isn't full, causing the urge.
Urinary hesitancy is difficulty starting or maintaining a urine stream. It's characterized by a delay between trying to urinate and the actual flow of urine beginning. The strength of the urine stream may also be diminished. It's more common in men, especially as they age, but can also affect women.
Urinary urgency is a sudden, compelling need to urinate that is difficult to defer. It's often a symptom of an underlying condition rather than a disease itself. It can occur with or without urinary incontinence (urge incontinence) and may significantly impact daily life.
Urolithiasis, commonly known as kidney stones, is a condition characterized by the formation of hard mineral and salt deposits in the kidneys. These stones can vary in size and can cause significant pain and other urinary tract problems as they move through the urinary tract.
Uropathy is a broad term referring to any disease or dysfunction of the urinary tract. The urinary tract includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Uropathies can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired, and they can affect any part of the urinary system, leading to a variety of symptoms and complications. The severity can range from mild, easily treatable conditions to severe, life-threatening ones.
Chronic urticaria, also known as chronic hives, is a skin condition characterized by the recurrent appearance of itchy, raised wheals (hives) or angioedema (swelling) or both, lasting for more than six weeks. Unlike acute urticaria, which is often triggered by a specific allergen, chronic urticaria's cause is frequently unknown (idiopathic). It can significantly impact a person's quality of life due to persistent itching, discomfort, and potential disfigurement.
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) encompasses any changes in the frequency, duration, or amount of uterine bleeding that differ from a woman's normal menstrual cycle. It can range from infrequent spotting to heavy, prolonged bleeding and can occur at any age, though it is most common during adolescence and around menopause. AUB can significantly impact a woman's quality of life and may indicate underlying medical conditions.
Uterine cramps, also known as menstrual cramps or dysmenorrhea, are throbbing or cramping pains in the lower abdomen that occur during or around a woman's menstrual period. They are a common condition experienced by many women and can range from mild discomfort to severe pain that interferes with daily activities.
Uterine polyps are growths attached to the inner wall of the uterus (endometrium) that extend into the uterine cavity. They are usually benign (noncancerous) but can sometimes be cancerous or precancerous. They range in size from a few millimeters (smaller than a pea) to several centimeters (golf ball size) or larger. Having more than one polyp is also common.
Anterior uveitis is inflammation of the middle layer of the eye, specifically the iris (iritis) and/or ciliary body (iridocyclitis). It is the most common type of uveitis. It can develop suddenly (acute) or gradually (chronic), and symptoms can range from mild to severe. If left untreated, anterior uveitis can lead to serious complications, including vision loss.
Intermediate uveitis is a type of uveitis that primarily affects the middle part of the eye, specifically the vitreous (the gel-like substance filling the eye) and the peripheral retina. It's characterized by inflammation in these areas, often without a clear, identifiable cause. Intermediate uveitis can affect one or both eyes.
Posterior uveitis is inflammation of the back part of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye. This area includes the retina, choroid, and optic nerve. It can result in vision loss or damage to the eye if left untreated. It's less common than anterior uveitis and often more serious.
Uvulitis is an inflammation of the uvula, the small fleshy tissue that hangs down from the soft palate in the back of the throat. While it can be caused by various factors, infectious uvulitis involves infection from a virus or bacteria. Symptoms can range from mild discomfort to severe swelling that interferes with breathing. Treatment depends on the underlying cause.
Undifferentiated Somatoform Disorder (now generally referred to as Somatic Symptom Disorder in current diagnostic manuals) is a mental health condition where individuals experience chronic physical symptoms that cause significant distress and impairment in daily life. These symptoms are not fully explained by a general medical condition, substance use, or another mental disorder. The individual's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors related to the physical symptoms are disproportionate and excessive. It's characterized by a focus on the symptoms themselves rather than a clear underlying medical cause being identified.
Unexplained infertility, also known as idiopathic infertility, is diagnosed when a couple has been unable to conceive after one year of regular, unprotected intercourse (or six months if the woman is 35 or older) and standard fertility testing on both partners reveals no apparent cause. This means the woman is ovulating, has open fallopian tubes, and the man has a normal sperm count and motility, but pregnancy still does not occur.
Unstable shoulder refers to a condition where the shoulder joint is prone to subluxation (partial dislocation) or dislocation (complete separation of the bones that form the joint). This occurs when the structures that normally stabilize the shoulder joint – ligaments, labrum, and rotator cuff muscles – are damaged or weakened. Recurrent instability can lead to pain, weakness, and functional limitations.
Unilateral adrenal hyperplasia (UAH) is a condition characterized by the enlargement of one adrenal gland while the other remains normal in size. This enlargement often leads to overproduction of certain hormones, most commonly cortisol, resulting in a form of Cushing's syndrome. It is considered a rare cause of Cushing's syndrome.
Unilateral lymphedema is a condition characterized by localized swelling in one arm or leg, caused by a blockage or damage to the lymphatic system. This system is responsible for draining lymph fluid, which contains waste and immune cells, from tissues. When lymph fluid cannot drain properly, it accumulates, leading to swelling, pain, and other complications.
Symptoms associated with upper thigh pain can vary significantly depending on the cause. Common symptoms include:
Pain: This can be sharp, dull, aching, burning, or stabbing.
Tenderness: Pain to the touch.
Stiffness: Difficulty moving the hip or leg.
Weakness: In the leg or hip.
Numbness or Tingling: Radiating down the leg.
Clicking or Popping: In the hip joint.
Swelling: Around the hip or thigh.
Bruising: If related to trauma.
Limping: Difficulty walking.
Pain worse with activity: Increased discomfort during or after exercise.
Pain at night: Discomfort that intensifies while resting.
"Unspecified Autoimmune Disorder" indicates a condition where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues and organs, but a specific autoimmune disease hasn't been identified. This means a person is experiencing autoimmune symptoms and/or has laboratory findings suggestive of autoimmunity, but doesn't meet the full diagnostic criteria for any well-defined autoimmune condition. These disorders can affect various parts of the body, leading to a wide range of symptoms and potential complications. The lack of specific diagnosis makes treatment and prognosis less predictable.
"Unspecified Benign Neoplasm" indicates a non-cancerous (benign) growth of new tissue (neoplasm) where the exact location or specific type of benign tumor hasn't been determined. Because it is unspecified, it could occur almost anywhere in the body and exhibit diverse characteristics. Benign neoplasms are generally slow-growing, don't invade surrounding tissues or spread to other parts of the body (metastasize), and are usually not life-threatening. However, depending on their location and size, they can cause problems by pressing on nearby organs or structures.
1. Summary about disease: An "unspecified congenital anomaly" refers to a birth defect that is present at birth but hasn't been specifically identified or categorized. Congenital anomalies can affect any part of the body and range in severity from mild to life-threatening. The impact varies greatly depending on the specific anomaly. Because of the general definition the data and other infomation are vary vagure.
"Unspecified Infectious Disease" is a broad term used when the exact infectious agent causing illness is unknown or has not yet been identified. This means the illness is caused by a pathogen (like a virus, bacteria, fungus, or parasite) but the specific type hasn't been determined. Because of the lack of specificity, it's hard to define a single, encompassing summary beyond that it represents an active infection with an unknown cause.
"Unspecified Inflammatory Disorder" is a general term used when inflammation is present in the body, but the specific cause, location, or type of inflammatory condition is not yet clearly identified. Inflammation is a natural response of the immune system to injury or infection. This nonspecific diagnosis indicates further investigation is needed to pinpoint the underlying issue.
"Unspecified Musculoskeletal Disorder" is a broad diagnostic term used when a healthcare professional identifies a problem within the musculoskeletal system (bones, muscles, joints, ligaments, tendons, nerves) but cannot yet pinpoint the specific condition. It indicates pain, discomfort, or functional limitation related to the body's movement or structure without a precise diagnosis. Further investigation is usually required to determine the exact cause and nature of the musculoskeletal issue.
An "Unspecified Neurological Disorder" is a diagnosis used when a patient exhibits neurological symptoms, but doctors haven't yet been able to pinpoint the precise underlying condition. This could be due to various factors, including incomplete information, the rarity of the condition, or the need for further testing to narrow down the possibilities. It essentially means there's a problem affecting the brain, spinal cord, or nerves, but its specific nature is undetermined. The prognosis and management vary significantly depending on what the underlying cause eventually turns out to be.
An "Unspecified Respiratory Disorder" is a broad term used when a patient presents with respiratory symptoms, but a more specific diagnosis cannot be immediately determined. This could be due to early stages of an illness, atypical presentations, limited diagnostic information, or conditions that do not fit neatly into established categories. The symptoms can range from mild discomfort to severe breathing difficulties. It's a temporary classification until a more precise diagnosis is possible.
"Unspecified Vascular Disorder" is a general term indicating a problem with the blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries) without specifying the exact nature or location of the issue. It suggests an abnormality affecting the structure or function of blood vessels, potentially disrupting blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues and organs. The severity and specific manifestations can vary widely depending on the underlying cause.
Symptoms vary depending on the severity and location of the obstruction, as well as the age of the individual. Common symptoms include:
Noisy breathing: Stridor (a high-pitched whistling sound), wheezing, snoring.
Difficulty breathing: Increased effort to breathe, rapid breathing (tachypnea), shallow breathing.
Retractions: Sucking in of the skin between the ribs, above the sternum (breastbone), or below the ribs during inhalation.
Cough: Barking cough (croup), persistent cough.
Hoarseness or change in voice.
Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia).
Drooling.
Cyanosis: Bluish discoloration of the skin, lips, or nail beds (late sign indicating severe oxygen deprivation).
Anxiety or agitation.
Loss of consciousness (in severe cases).
An Unspecified Genetic Disorder refers to a condition caused by a change or mutation in an individual's genetic material (DNA), but the exact genetic mutation or specific syndrome is unknown or not yet defined. The effects can vary widely depending on the gene(s) involved and the nature of the mutation. This can lead to a wide range of developmental, physical, and medical challenges.
Urethral Pain Syndrome (UPS), also known as female urethral syndrome, is a condition characterized by chronic or recurrent pain in the urethra. It is more common in women than men. The symptoms can significantly impact a person's quality of life. The underlying cause is often unknown, making diagnosis and treatment challenging. It is considered a diagnosis of exclusion, meaning other potential causes of urethral pain are ruled out first.
Involuntary leakage of urine during activities such as coughing, sneezing, laughing, exercising, or lifting heavy objects (stress incontinence).
Urgency to urinate, followed by involuntary leakage (urge incontinence, which can coexist with USI).
Dribbling urine.
Frequent urination.
Nocturia (frequent urination at night).
Feeling of incomplete bladder emptying.
Urethral trauma refers to any injury to the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. The urethra can be injured by blunt or penetrating trauma to the pelvis, perineum, or genitalia, as well as by medical procedures. The severity of urethral trauma can range from minor contusions to complete urethral disruptions. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term complications such as strictures (narrowing of the urethra), incontinence, and sexual dysfunction.
Papular urticaria is a common skin condition characterized by small, raised, itchy bumps (papules) that typically appear in groups. It is often a hypersensitivity reaction to insect bites, particularly those from fleas, mosquitoes, mites, or bedbugs. While it can affect people of all ages, it's most prevalent in young children.
Uveodermatological Syndrome (UDS), also known as Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease, is a rare autoimmune disorder affecting multiple body systems. It primarily targets melanocytes (pigment-producing cells), leading to inflammation in the eyes (uveitis), skin, hair, and sometimes the meninges (membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord). It's characterized by bilateral panuveitis (inflammation of all parts of the uvea in both eyes) and dermatological manifestations.
Uvulitis is the inflammation of the uvula, the small, fleshy tissue that hangs down at the back of the throat. While uvulitis can have various causes, allergic reactions are a potential trigger, leading to swelling and discomfort. Allergic uvulitis can be caused by allergies to pollen, pet dander, food, or medicine.
Uric acid overproduction, or hyperuricemia, occurs when the body produces more uric acid than it can eliminate. Uric acid is a waste product formed from the breakdown of purines, which are found naturally in the body and in certain foods. When uric acid levels are consistently high, it can lead to the formation of urate crystals, which may deposit in joints, tissues, and kidneys, causing conditions like gout and kidney stones.
An unbalanced diet refers to a dietary pattern that either lacks essential nutrients or contains excessive amounts of certain nutrients, leading to nutritional deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances. It can significantly impact overall health and well-being, increasing the risk of chronic diseases.
Underactive thyroid, also known as hypothyroidism, is a condition where the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormones. These hormones are crucial for regulating metabolism, energy levels, and overall body function. Insufficient thyroid hormone levels can lead to a slowing down of bodily processes.
Fatigue
Weakness
Reduced immune function (frequent infections)
Thinning hair
Dry skin
Menstrual irregularities (in women)
Delayed growth and development (in children and adolescents)
Difficulty concentrating
Feeling cold easily
Dizziness
Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. The best way to prevent the flu is by getting a flu vaccine each year.
Undifferentiated arthritis (UA) refers to inflammatory arthritis that doesn't meet the specific criteria for a well-defined rheumatic disease like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), or ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Patients with UA experience joint pain and inflammation, but their symptoms or test results don't fully align with any single, recognized arthritis category. Over time, UA may resolve spontaneously, evolve into a defined arthritis, or remain undifferentiated.
Undifferentiated pleural effusion refers to a pleural effusion (fluid buildup in the space between the lung and chest wall) that hasn't yet been classified as either transudative or exudative based on initial diagnostic tests. Further evaluation is needed to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment. It's a diagnostic challenge, requiring further investigation to pinpoint the etiology and manage the condition effectively.
Underdeveloped organs, also known as organ hypoplasia or agenesis (if completely absent), refers to a condition where one or more organs do not develop to their normal size or complexity during fetal development. This can affect any organ system and the severity can vary widely, ranging from mild functional impairment to life-threatening conditions. The consequences depend on the specific organ affected and the degree of underdevelopment.
Fatigue
Loss of appetite
Muscle weakness
Changes in bowel habits
Night sweats
Fever
Swollen lymph nodes
Unilateral facial pain refers to pain experienced on only one side of the face. This can be caused by a variety of conditions, ranging from relatively benign issues like dental problems to more serious neurological disorders. The specific characteristics of the pain (e.g., sharp, burning, throbbing, constant, intermittent) and associated symptoms are crucial for diagnosis and treatment. Common causes include trigeminal neuralgia, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, cluster headaches, migraine, dental issues, and infections.
Upper lip swelling, also known as labial edema, is the enlargement or puffiness of the upper lip. It can be caused by various factors ranging from minor irritations to serious underlying medical conditions. The swelling can be localized or widespread, and may be accompanied by pain, redness, itching, or other symptoms. It's important to identify the cause to determine the appropriate treatment.
Symptoms associated with upper quadrant pain vary widely depending on the underlying cause. Some common symptoms include:
Pain: Localized in the upper right or upper left quadrant, potentially radiating to the back, shoulder, or chest. The nature of the pain can vary (sharp, dull, aching, burning, cramping).
Tenderness: Pain upon palpation (touching) of the affected area.
Nausea and Vomiting: Often associated with conditions affecting the digestive system.
Loss of Appetite: A reduced desire to eat.
Bloating: A feeling of fullness or distension in the abdomen.
Heartburn or Indigestion: A burning sensation in the chest or upper abdomen.
Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and eyes (often associated with liver or gallbladder issues).
Fever: May indicate an infection.
Changes in Bowel Habits: Constipation, diarrhea, or changes in stool color.
Pain or aching in the upper ribs
Tenderness to the touch in the affected area
Pain that worsens with deep breathing, coughing, or sneezing
Pain that increases with twisting or bending the torso
Pain radiating to the shoulder, neck, or back
Clicking, popping, or grinding sensation in the ribs with movement
Muscle spasms in the surrounding area
Difficulty taking deep breaths
Limited range of motion in the upper torso
A urachal cyst is a small, fluid-filled sac that forms in the urachus. The urachus is a channel that connects the bladder to the umbilicus (belly button) during fetal development. Normally, the urachus closes before birth. When it doesn't completely close, it can leave behind a urachal remnant, which can then develop into a cyst. These cysts are usually located between the bladder and the umbilicus. They can be asymptomatic or cause symptoms if they become infected.
Urinary frequency is the need to urinate more often than usual. What's considered "normal" varies from person to person but is generally defined as urinating more than eight times in a 24-hour period. It is a symptom, not a disease itself, and can be caused by various underlying factors ranging from simple lifestyle choices to more serious medical conditions. It's important to differentiate urinary frequency from urgency, which is a sudden, compelling need to urinate.
Urinary sphincter weakness, also known as urinary incontinence due to sphincter incompetence, refers to the loss of bladder control because the muscles that control the outflow of urine (urinary sphincter) are not strong enough to prevent leakage. This can range from occasional leaking when coughing or sneezing to a complete inability to hold urine. It's a common condition, especially affecting older adults, but can occur at any age.
Cold urticaria is a skin reaction to cold exposure that causes hives (wheals) and itching. In severe cases, it can trigger systemic reactions like swelling, wheezing, and even anaphylaxis. It is not contagious.
Pressure urticaria, also known as pressure hives or dermatographism, is a type of physical urticaria characterized by itchy welts that appear on the skin after pressure or friction. These welts can develop within minutes to hours of the pressure and typically resolve within a few hours, although some forms can persist for longer. It is generally not dangerous but can be uncomfortable and affect quality of life.
Uveal effusion syndrome (UES) is a rare condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the suprachoroidal space (between the choroid and the sclera) of the eye. This fluid buildup leads to choroidal detachment and serous retinal detachment, potentially causing vision loss. The syndrome is often bilateral (affecting both eyes) and can be chronic or recurrent. It is not fully understood, and its exact etiology remains debated.
Granulomatous uveitis is a type of uveitis (inflammation inside the eye) characterized by the presence of granulomas. Granulomas are small collections of immune cells that form in response to infection or inflammation. This form of uveitis can affect any part of the uvea (iris, ciliary body, and choroid) and can lead to significant visual impairment if left untreated. It is frequently associated with systemic diseases.
Recurrent uveitis is a form of uveitis, an inflammation of the uvea (the middle layer of the eye). "Recurrent" means the inflammation reappears after a period of remission. Uveitis can affect different parts of the uvea (iris, ciliary body, choroid) or all of them. Recurrent episodes can lead to progressive eye damage and vision loss if not properly managed.
Viral uvulitis is an inflammation of the uvula, the small piece of tissue that hangs down in the back of the throat. When the uvula becomes inflamed, it can swell, become painful, and cause difficulty swallowing. Viral infections are one potential cause, though other causes exist (like bacterial infections, allergies, and trauma).
Ulerythema ophryogenes (UOO) is a rare skin condition characterized by small, spiky bumps (keratosis pilaris) primarily affecting the eyebrows, and sometimes spreading to the forehead and cheeks. It often leads to hair loss in the affected areas, particularly the eyebrows, resulting in sparse or absent eyebrows. It typically starts in childhood or adolescence.
An umbilical sinus is a persistent connection between the umbilicus (belly button) and either the bladder (urachal sinus) or the small intestine (omphalomesenteric duct sinus or vitelline sinus). It occurs when these structures, which are present during fetal development, fail to close completely after birth. This can lead to drainage, infection, and other complications.
An uncalcified rib fracture, also known as a rib contusion or rib sprain in milder cases, refers to a break or crack in a rib that hasn't fully hardened or ossified. This is more common in children and adolescents due to their more flexible rib cages. In adults, while a complete fracture is more likely, a less severe injury can still occur, causing pain and discomfort.
An uncomplicated fracture, also known as a simple fracture, is a broken bone where the surrounding tissues (skin, muscles, nerves, blood vessels) are not significantly damaged. The bone ends typically remain aligned or can be easily aligned. This means there is no open wound (compound fracture) and minimal soft tissue damage compared to more complex fractures. Recovery typically involves immobilization and healing of the bone without significant complications.
An unconsolidated fracture, also known as a nonunion fracture, occurs when a broken bone fails to heal properly over a reasonable period. Typically, a fracture should show signs of healing within several weeks to months. When this process stalls or stops entirely, and there is no bridging of bone across the fracture site, it is considered an unconsolidated fracture. This can lead to persistent pain, instability, and impaired function of the affected limb.
Uncontrollable shaking, also known as tremor, is an involuntary, rhythmic muscle contraction leading to shaking movements in one or more parts of the body. It's a symptom that can be associated with various underlying conditions, ranging from benign to serious. The severity and type of tremor can vary significantly.
Underactive bladder (UAB) is a condition where the bladder muscle doesn't contract with enough force or for a sufficient duration to fully empty the bladder. This can lead to urinary retention, incomplete bladder emptying, and various lower urinary tract symptoms. It's essentially the opposite of overactive bladder.
Underdeveloped muscles, also known as muscle hypoplasia or muscle atrophy, refers to a condition where muscle tissue is significantly smaller and weaker than expected for a person's age, sex, and overall physical condition. This can occur due to various factors, including genetic conditions, neurological disorders, malnutrition, disuse, or certain medical treatments. The severity of underdeveloped muscles can range from mild to severe, impacting mobility, strength, and overall quality of life.
Unilateral nipple discharge refers to the spontaneous or expressed release of fluid from only one nipple. It is a relatively common condition, particularly in women of reproductive age, but can also occur in men, though less frequently. While often benign, it's crucial to investigate the cause to rule out underlying serious conditions like breast cancer. Discharge color and consistency can vary and may offer clues to the underlying cause.
Upper body weakness refers to a noticeable reduction in strength and/or endurance in the muscles of the upper body, including the neck, shoulders, arms, hands, chest, and upper back. It can manifest as difficulty lifting objects, performing tasks requiring arm strength, or maintaining posture. The underlying causes are varied, ranging from nerve damage to muscle disorders to general deconditioning. The severity can range from mild and transient to debilitating and chronic, depending on the cause.
Sharp, stabbing pain
Dull, aching pain
Burning sensation
Pressure or tightness in the chest
Pain that radiates to the neck, jaw, shoulder, arm, or back
Shortness of breath
Sweating
Nausea or vomiting
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Heart palpitations
Cough
Difficulty swallowing
Pain that worsens with breathing, coughing, or movement
Heartburn (a burning sensation in the chest)
Acid reflux (regurgitation of stomach acid into the esophagus)
Indigestion (abdominal discomfort, bloating, nausea)
Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
Odynophagia (painful swallowing)
Nausea and vomiting
Upper abdominal pain or discomfort
Bloating
Early satiety (feeling full quickly when eating)
Unexplained weight loss
Black or tarry stools (indicating bleeding in the upper digestive tract)
Severe pain
Swelling
Bruising
Deformity (the arm looks out of place)
Inability to move the arm or hand
Tenderness to the touch
Numbness or tingling (may indicate nerve damage)
Open wound with bone protruding (in open fractures)
Upper limb deformity encompasses a wide range of conditions affecting the bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and nerves of the arms and hands, leading to abnormal shape, size, or function. These deformities can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired due to injury, disease, or developmental issues. Severity varies greatly depending on the specific condition.
An upper lip sore refers to any lesion, ulcer, blister, or painful area that develops on the skin of the upper lip. These sores can have various causes, ranging from viral infections to skin conditions and injuries. The appearance, symptoms, and treatment will depend on the underlying cause. They are usually localized but can be quite bothersome due to the lip's sensitivity.
Aching or throbbing pain.
Sharp or stabbing pain.
Stiffness and limited range of motion.
Pain that worsens with movement.
Tenderness to the touch.
Radiating pain into the neck, upper arm, or hand.
Numbness or tingling in the arm or hand.
Weakness in the arm or hand.
Clicking or popping sensation with movement.
Urinary blockage, also known as urinary obstruction, refers to a condition where the flow of urine is blocked within the urinary tract. This blockage can occur at various locations, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra. It can lead to a buildup of urine, causing discomfort, pain, and potentially serious complications, including kidney damage and infection. The severity and treatment options vary depending on the cause and location of the obstruction.
Urinary burning, also known as dysuria, is a common symptom characterized by pain or discomfort during urination. It can manifest as a burning, stinging, or itching sensation, often felt in the urethra or bladder area. It is typically a symptom of an underlying condition rather than a disease itself.
Urinary cloudiness (cloudy urine) refers to a change in the normal clear appearance of urine, making it appear opaque or murky. It is often a symptom of an underlying condition rather than a disease itself. Many things can cause this, ranging from harmless dehydration to more serious infections.
Painful urination
Increased frequency or urgency of urination
Abdominal or back pain
Fever
Fatigue
Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
Cloudy urine
Blood in the urine (hematuria)
Changes in urine odor
Pain or burning sensation during urination
Frequent urination
Urgency to urinate
Hesitancy (difficulty starting the urine stream)
Weak urine stream
Dribbling after urination
Cloudy urine
Blood in the urine (hematuria)
Pain in the lower abdomen or back
Urinary discomfort, also known as dysuria, refers to pain, burning, or itching experienced during urination. It's a common symptom that can stem from various underlying causes, most often related to infections or inflammation in the urinary tract. The severity and accompanying symptoms can vary depending on the specific cause.
Urinary dribbling, also known as post-void dribbling or terminal dribbling, is the involuntary leakage of urine after urination is complete. It can be a frustrating and embarrassing condition that affects both men and women, although it's more common in men. It's not a disease in itself but rather a symptom of an underlying issue with the bladder, urethra, or pelvic floor muscles. The severity can range from a few drops to a more significant amount of urine leakage.
Urinary leakage, also known as urinary incontinence, is the involuntary loss of urine. It's a common problem that affects people of all ages, but it becomes more prevalent with age. The severity can range from occasionally leaking urine when you cough or sneeze to having a sudden, strong urge to urinate that you can't control. Urinary incontinence can have a significant impact on a person's quality of life, affecting their social, psychological, and physical well-being.
A change in urine odor can be a symptom of various underlying conditions, ranging from benign to serious. It refers to any noticeable alteration in the normal smell of urine. While sometimes linked to diet or dehydration, persistent or strong odors may indicate a medical issue requiring evaluation.
Burning sensation during urination
Stinging pain
Itching
Frequent urination
Urgency (strong need to urinate)
Hesitancy (difficulty starting urination)
Lower abdominal pain
Cloudy or bloody urine
Foul-smelling urine
Unexplained weight gain refers to a gradual and noticeable increase in body weight that cannot be attributed to deliberate increases in calorie intake or decreases in physical activity. It can be a symptom of various underlying medical conditions, lifestyle factors, or medication side effects. It is important to identify the underlying cause to determine appropriate management strategies.
Infection (UTI): Frequent urination, painful urination (dysuria), urgency, cloudy urine, strong-smelling urine, pelvic pain (in women), rectal pain (in men), fever.
Kidney Stones: Severe flank pain, pain radiating to the groin, blood in urine (hematuria), nausea, vomiting, frequent urination, painful urination.
Kidney Disease: Swelling (edema) in legs, ankles, or feet, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, changes in urination frequency, blood in urine, protein in urine.
Glomerulonephritis: Blood in urine (hematuria), protein in urine (proteinuria), swelling (edema), high blood pressure.
Urinary spraying, in the context of pets (primarily cats), refers to the act of marking territory by urinating small amounts on vertical surfaces. It is a behavioral issue, distinct from normal urination for bladder emptying. It's often hormone-related and/or triggered by stress or territorial disputes. While common in cats, it can also occur in other animals like dogs under certain circumstances.
Urinary problems encompass a wide range of conditions affecting the urinary tract, which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These problems can manifest in various ways, from frequent urination to painful urination, and can be caused by infections, blockages, or underlying medical conditions. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent complications.
Obstructive uropathy refers to a structural or functional blockage of the flow of urine anywhere along the urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra). This blockage can lead to a buildup of urine, causing pressure and potential damage to the kidneys and other parts of the urinary system. The severity can range from mild and asymptomatic to severe and life-threatening, depending on the location, degree, and duration of the obstruction.
Aquagenic urticaria is a rare type of physical urticaria, a skin condition characterized by hives (itchy welts) that develop rapidly after contact with water, regardless of its temperature. It is not an allergy to water itself but rather a reaction to something in the water or to the interaction of water with the skin. It is much more common in women.
Uterine atony is a serious postpartum condition where the uterus fails to contract adequately after childbirth. This lack of contraction can lead to severe postpartum hemorrhage, which is excessive bleeding after delivery. It's a leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide. Prompt recognition and treatment are crucial to prevent life-threatening complications.
Uterine contractions are the tightening and relaxing of the uterine muscles. They are a normal part of the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Contractions during pregnancy help to thin and open the cervix, allowing the baby to pass through the birth canal. They can also occur due to other medical conditions.
Sympathetic uveitis (SU) is a rare, bilateral granulomatous inflammation of the entire uveal tract (iris, ciliary body, and choroid) that occurs after penetrating ocular trauma or surgery to one eye. The injured eye is referred to as the exciting eye, and the other eye, which develops the disease secondarily, is called the sympathizing eye. SU is an autoimmune response directed against retinal antigens that are normally sequestered from the immune system.
Uveoparotitis, also known as Heerfordt's Syndrome or Uveoparotid Fever, is a rare manifestation of sarcoidosis, a systemic inflammatory disease. It is characterized by inflammation of the uvea (the middle layer of the eye) and the parotid glands (major salivary glands located in front of the ears). Other symptoms related to cranial nerve involvement, particularly facial nerve palsy, are often seen.
Fungal uvulitis is an inflammation of the uvula (the small tissue that hangs down at the back of the throat) caused by a fungal infection. While bacterial and viral infections are more common causes of uvulitis, fungal infections, especially Candida species (candidiasis or thrush), can sometimes affect the uvula. It leads to swelling, redness, and discomfort in the throat.
The term "Undiagnosed Condition" refers to a state where an individual experiences concerning health symptoms, but a definitive medical diagnosis has not yet been established, even after medical evaluation. This can be due to a variety of factors, including atypical presentation of known diseases, rare conditions, or limitations in current medical knowledge and diagnostic capabilities. The individual may experience a range of physical, psychological, and social challenges as they navigate uncertainty and the search for answers.
An undifferentiated tumor is a cancerous growth where the cells have lost their specialized characteristics and no longer resemble the normal cells of the tissue from which they originated. This lack of differentiation makes it difficult to determine the tumor's origin, making diagnosis and treatment challenging. These tumors are also called anaplastic tumors.
Unilateral breast swelling refers to swelling in one breast, while the other remains relatively normal in size and shape. It is not a disease in itself, but a symptom that can be caused by a variety of underlying conditions. These conditions range from benign hormonal changes to more serious issues like infection or even cancer. It is essential to seek medical evaluation to determine the cause of the swelling and receive appropriate treatment.
Unilateral leg swelling, also known as one-sided leg swelling, refers to swelling that is localized to only one leg. It can be caused by various underlying conditions, ranging from relatively minor to life-threatening. The swelling occurs due to a buildup of fluid in the tissues of the leg. It's important to determine the cause of the swelling to receive appropriate treatment.
Symptoms vary widely depending on the type and severity of the injury. They can range from minor cuts and bruises to fractures, head injuries, internal bleeding, and even death. Specific symptoms depend on the body part affected and the mechanism of injury. Examples include pain, swelling, deformity, loss of consciousness, bleeding, difficulty breathing, and impaired movement.
Upper arm weakness, also known as brachial weakness, describes a reduced ability to move or control the muscles of the upper arm. It is not a disease in itself but a symptom of an underlying medical condition. The severity can range from slight difficulty lifting the arm to complete paralysis. The cause can vary from nerve damage to muscle disorders.
Upper back stiffness refers to a restricted range of motion and discomfort in the thoracic spine (the area between the neck and lower back). It can range from a mild annoyance to a debilitating condition that interferes with daily activities. It isn't a disease in itself, but a symptom stemming from various underlying issues.
Upper eyelid drooping, also known as ptosis, is a condition where the upper eyelid sags, partially or completely covering the pupil. It can affect one or both eyes. The severity can range from barely noticeable to completely obstructing vision. It can be present at birth (congenital) or develop later in life (acquired).
Symptoms vary widely depending on the underlying cause, but common signs and symptoms include:
Heartburn (a burning sensation in the chest)
Indigestion
Nausea
Vomiting
Abdominal pain or discomfort
Bloating
Belching
Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
Loss of appetite
Weight loss (unintentional)
Black, tarry stools (melena - indicates bleeding)
Vomiting blood (hematemesis)
Feeling full quickly after eating (early satiety)
Upper thigh weakness refers to a reduction in the strength of the muscles located in the upper thigh region. This can manifest as difficulty with activities such as walking, climbing stairs, rising from a seated position, or engaging in sports. The underlying cause can vary widely, from muscle strains to nerve compression or more serious medical conditions.
Hematuria refers to the presence of blood in the urine. It can range from being visible to the naked eye (gross hematuria) to being detectable only under a microscope (microscopic hematuria). Hematuria isn't a disease itself but a sign of an underlying medical condition affecting the kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra. The causes can vary widely from benign to severe.
Urinary burning sensation, also known as dysuria, is pain or discomfort when urinating. It can originate in the bladder, urethra, or perineum. It is a symptom, not a disease itself, and points to an underlying issue.
Urinary casts are microscopic cylindrical structures produced by the kidney and present in the urine. They form in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) or collecting ducts of the nephrons, then detach and pass into the urine. Their presence indicates kidney disease or other abnormalities in the urinary system. Different types of casts exist, each signifying a specific condition. Some casts are considered normal in small numbers, while others are indicative of significant kidney pathology. Hyaline casts are the most common and can be normal in small amounts, especially after exercise.
Urinary crystals are microscopic mineral structures that form in the urine. While their presence doesn't always indicate a problem, they can sometimes clump together and lead to the formation of larger structures called urinary stones (uroliths) or contribute to other urinary issues. Different types of crystals can form depending on the urine pH and the concentration of various minerals. The clinical significance of urinary crystals varies. Some crystal types are benign, while others are strongly associated with specific medical conditions or stone formation.
Acute urinary retention is the sudden and often painful inability to pass urine. It's a medical emergency that requires prompt treatment to drain the bladder and prevent complications. Unlike chronic urinary retention, which develops gradually, acute retention occurs abruptly.
Congenital uropathy refers to a range of structural or functional abnormalities of the urinary system that are present at birth. These abnormalities can affect the kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra, disrupting the normal flow of urine. This can lead to various complications, including urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney damage, and even kidney failure if left untreated. The severity of congenital uropathy varies widely, ranging from mild conditions that may resolve on their own to severe conditions requiring surgical intervention.
Urticaria, commonly known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by raised, itchy welts (wheals) that can appear anywhere on the body. Heat-induced urticaria, specifically, is triggered by exposure to heat, including hot weather, hot showers, or even exercise that raises body temperature. The welts can vary in size and shape and may appear and disappear quickly, sometimes within minutes or hours.
Uterine adhesions, also known as Asherman's Syndrome, are scar tissue formations inside the uterus. These adhesions can cause a range of problems, from menstrual irregularities to infertility. The severity of the condition varies depending on the extent and location of the adhesions. In mild cases, adhesions may be thin and sparse, while in severe cases, the entire uterine cavity may be scarred and obliterated.
Besides the visible increase in abdominal size, symptoms associated with upper abdominal swelling can include:
Abdominal pain or discomfort
Bloating
Nausea or vomiting
Heartburn or acid reflux
Increased belching or flatulence
Changes in bowel habits (constipation or diarrhea)
Loss of appetite
Feeling of fullness quickly after eating
In severe cases, shortness of breath
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of your urinary system — your kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Most infections involve the lower urinary tract — the bladder and urethra. Women are at greater risk of developing a UTI than are men. Infection limited to your bladder can be painful and annoying. However, serious consequences can occur if a UTI spreads to your kidneys.
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