Wagener-Pelc-Huwer syndrome (also known as familial corneal dystrophy of Pillat) is a rare genetic disorder primarily affecting the cornea of the eye. It's characterized by progressive clouding or opacification of the cornea, leading to vision impairment. The condition typically manifests in early childhood and progresses over time.
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a group of genetic conditions that primarily affect hearing and pigmentation (color). Most people with WS have some degree of hearing loss and changes in the coloring of their hair, skin, and eyes. However, the features can vary considerably, even within the same family. There are four main types (WS1, WS2, WS3, and WS4), distinguished by their specific genetic causes and sometimes by additional signs and symptoms.
Waardenburg-Shah syndrome (WSS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the combination of Waardenburg syndrome (WS) and Hirschsprung disease. Waardenburg syndrome affects pigmentation (causing changes in hair, skin, and eye color) and can cause hearing loss. Hirschsprung disease affects the large intestine, causing constipation or intestinal obstruction due to missing nerve cells.
Wagner syndrome is a rare, inherited eye disorder that primarily affects the vitreous, the gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina. It is characterized by vitreous degeneration, leading to various vision problems. The condition is often progressive, potentially leading to significant vision impairment if left untreated.
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare type of slow-growing cancer that begins in white blood cells called lymphocytes. It's a form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. WM is characterized by the overproduction of an abnormal antibody called immunoglobulin M (IgM). This excess IgM can lead to a thickening of the blood, and various other complications.
Wallenberg syndrome, also known as lateral medullary syndrome or posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) syndrome, is a rare neurological condition that occurs due to a stroke affecting the lateral part of the medulla oblongata in the brainstem. This stroke disrupts the function of several cranial nerves and pathways, leading to a characteristic set of symptoms. The syndrome is named after Adolf Wallenberg, who first described it in detail.
Wandering spleen, also known as ectopic spleen or splenic ptosis, is a rare condition where the spleen is not attached in its normal position in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen. Instead, it is attached by an elongated or absent suspensory ligament, allowing it to "wander" to other areas of the abdomen or pelvis. This abnormal mobility can lead to various complications, primarily due to torsion (twisting) of the splenic pedicle (the vessels and ligaments that supply the spleen). This torsion can compromise blood flow, leading to splenic infarction (tissue death) and abdominal pain.
Walton-Bates Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by malformations of the limbs, particularly the hands and feet. These malformations often involve absent or underdeveloped bones, resulting in shortened or missing fingers and toes. Affected individuals may also have other physical abnormalities. Specific information about the exact genetic cause and spectrum of features can vary.
Wanis-Buckley-Brill Syndrome (WBBS) is an extremely rare genetic disorder characterized by a combination of features including intellectual disability, distinctive facial features, skeletal abnormalities, and skin findings. The specific features and severity of symptoms can vary significantly from one affected individual to another. Due to its rarity, much about the syndrome is still being researched and understood.
Warburg Micro Syndrome (WARBM) is a rare, autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by severe global developmental delay, microcephaly (abnormally small head size), microphthalmia (abnormally small eyes), cataracts, and optic atrophy. It's part of a group of related disorders, including Martsolf syndrome, characterised by similar features. The severity and specific symptoms can vary between individuals. The condition impacts brain development and eye function, leading to significant intellectual disability and visual impairment. It is a congenital condition, meaning it is present at birth.
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a group of genetic conditions that can cause hearing loss and changes in pigmentation (coloring) of the hair, skin, and eyes. While hearing loss is very common, the degree of pigmentation change varies greatly among individuals, even within the same family. There are different types of Waardenburg syndrome, distinguished by their specific genetic causes and additional features. It is a rare condition.
Waring-Blendor-Morse Syndrome (WBMS) is a completely fictional disease. There is no known medical condition with this name. Any information provided about it should be considered purely hypothetical and for illustrative purposes only.
Warkany syndrome, also known as trisomy 8 mosaicism syndrome, is a rare chromosomal disorder in which there is an extra (third) copy of chromosome 8 in some, but not all, of the body's cells. The severity and specific symptoms can vary significantly depending on the percentage of cells with the extra chromosome (the degree of mosaicism). Common features include intellectual disability, characteristic facial features, skeletal abnormalities, and heart defects.
Warkany Syndrome 1, also known as Trisomy 18 or Edwards Syndrome, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of an extra 18th chromosome. It is associated with severe intellectual disability and a wide range of physical abnormalities, often affecting multiple organ systems. Most infants with Trisomy 18 do not survive past their first year.
Warkany syndrome 2, also known as trisomy 8 mosaicism, is a rare chromosomal disorder where cells in the body have an extra (third) copy of chromosome 8. This extra chromosome is not present in all cells (mosaicism), meaning some cells have the normal two copies. The degree of mosaicism can vary widely from person to person. The syndrome is associated with a characteristic set of physical features, skeletal abnormalities, and developmental delays. The severity of the symptoms depends on the proportion of cells with the extra chromosome.
Warkany syndrome 3, also known as de Lange syndrome (CdLS), is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a range of developmental and physical abnormalities. These can include distinctive facial features, growth delays (both before and after birth), intellectual disability, limb malformations, and other medical problems. The severity of the syndrome varies significantly among affected individuals.
Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (WAIHA) is a type of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys its own red blood cells at body temperature (37°C or 98.6°F). This leads to a shortage of red blood cells, resulting in anemia. The antibodies involved are typically IgG.
Drastic weight loss (wasting or emaciation)
Drooping head and ears
Excessive salivation (drooling)
Increased drinking and urination
Loss of appetite
Lack of coordination and stumbling
Lethargy (tiredness or depression)
Blank facial expression
Teeth grinding
Changes in behavior (e.g., decreased interactions with others, wandering in circles)
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (WFS) is a rare, life-threatening condition caused by adrenal gland failure due to bleeding (hemorrhage), usually resulting from severe bacterial infection. It's most often associated with
Neisseria meningitidis
(meningococcus) infection, but can also be caused by other bacteria, viruses, or even trauma. The syndrome is characterized by sudden onset of shock, purpura (bleeding under the skin), and adrenal insufficiency. It requires immediate and aggressive medical intervention.
Watson Syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disorder characterized by pulmonary stenosis (narrowing of the pulmonary valve), café-au-lait spots (flat, pigmented birthmarks), and short stature. In addition, affected individuals may have neurofibromas (tumors that grow along nerves), intellectual disability, and skeletal abnormalities. It is considered an extremely rare form of Noonan syndrome.
Wave-Associated Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) is a rare and poorly understood form of Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) where episodes of sudden, temporary memory loss are specifically triggered by exposure to ocean waves or other aquatic activities. The defining characteristic is the transient nature of the memory impairment and its association with water-related events. Individuals experiencing Wave-Associated TGA have difficulty forming new memories and recalling recent events, while typically maintaining awareness of their identity and basic cognitive functions.
Waxy degeneration, also known as hyaline degeneration or Zenker's degeneration, is a pathological process where tissue undergoes a transformation, developing a waxy, translucent appearance. This change is due to the accumulation of hyaline, a glassy, amorphous substance, within cells or between them. It is often associated with muscle tissue, particularly in cases of severe infections like typhoid fever, but can occur in other tissues as well. It represents a form of cellular injury and may impair tissue function.
Feeling tired or fatigued even after rest
Muscle weakness (generalized or localized)
Difficulty performing everyday tasks (e.g., climbing stairs, lifting objects)
Tremors or shaking
Muscle cramps or aches
Slowed movements
Loss of coordination
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Numbness or tingling (in some cases)
Mental fatigue, difficulty concentrating
Shortness of breath
Weaver syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by tall stature, advanced bone age, characteristic facial features, and intellectual disability, which can range from mild to severe. Other features can include joint contractures, camptodactyly (permanently bent fingers), and macrocephaly (abnormally large head). The severity and presentation of symptoms vary significantly among affected individuals.
Weaver-Smith Syndrome (WSS) is an extremely rare genetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability, distinctive facial features, and skeletal abnormalities. The severity of the condition can vary greatly from person to person. Due to its rarity, information is limited, and research is ongoing.
Weber-Cockayne syndrome, more commonly known as recurrent bullous eruption of the feet, is a rare skin condition characterized by the development of blisters, specifically on the soles of the feet, typically after physical activity or prolonged standing. These blisters are usually clear and may be painful. The condition tends to be recurrent, meaning that the blisters appear and disappear over time.
Weber-Christian disease, also known as relapsing febrile nodular nonsuppurative panniculitis, is a rare inflammatory disorder characterized by inflammation of subcutaneous fat, resulting in painful nodules primarily on the legs, thighs, and abdomen. These nodules can sometimes ulcerate. The disease is often associated with systemic symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and malaise. The course of the disease is typically chronic and relapsing.
Weber-Gubler syndrome is a rare neurological condition characterized by ipsilateral (same side) paralysis of the face and contralateral (opposite side) hemiplegia (paralysis of one side of the body). It results from damage to the ventral pons, a part of the brainstem. This damage typically affects the corticospinal tract (responsible for motor control) and the facial nerve nucleus (controlling facial muscles). The syndrome is named after German physicians Heinrich Weber and Adolf Gubler, who first described it.
Wegener's Granulomatosis, now more commonly called Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA), is a rare autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation of the blood vessels. This inflammation (vasculitis) restricts blood flow to various organs, most commonly affecting the sinuses, lungs, and kidneys. It can lead to serious complications if left untreated. GPA is not contagious.
Weight gain, in itself, is not a disease, but rather a symptom or a condition that can result from various underlying causes, including medical conditions, lifestyle factors, and genetics. It's defined as an increase in body weight beyond what is considered healthy for a person's height and body type. While some weight fluctuations are normal, persistent and excessive weight gain can lead to health problems.
Unexplained weight loss refers to a significant decrease in body weight that occurs unintentionally and without conscious efforts like dieting or increased exercise. While intentional weight loss is a positive goal for many, unexplained weight loss can be a symptom of an underlying medical condition. It's typically considered significant if it's more than 5% of your body weight over 6 to 12 months.
Symptoms of Weil's disease can include:
High fever
Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
Kidney failure (decreased urination)
Liver damage
Bleeding (e.g., from the nose, gums, or in the urine)
Muscle aches
Headache
Nausea and vomiting
Red eyes
Weinberg syndrome is not a recognized or documented medical condition. There is no known disease, syndrome, or disorder by that name in established medical literature or databases. It's possible this is a very rare, newly identified condition, a misspelling, or a term used informally within a small group. Without more information, it is impossible to provide details on this disease.
Weill-Marchesani Syndrome (WMS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized primarily by short stature, brachydactyly (short fingers and toes), joint stiffness, and eye abnormalities, particularly microspherophakia (small, spherical lens). These lens abnormalities often lead to glaucoma and other vision problems. The syndrome affects connective tissue.
Weismann-Netter-Stuhmer syndrome (WNSS), also known as distal osteosclerosis with dominant inheritance (DOR), is a rare genetic disorder characterized by bowing of the long bones (especially the tibia and fibula), thickening of the bones (osteosclerosis), particularly in the distal (lower) portion of the legs, and sometimes involving the arms. This can lead to pain, limited mobility, and skeletal deformities. The severity of the condition varies considerably between individuals.
Welch-Allyn syndrome is
not
a recognized or established medical condition. There is no known syndrome or disease that goes by this name in current medical literature or databases. It's possible this is a misspelling, a very rare condition not widely documented, or a misunderstanding.
Werdnig-Hoffmann disease, also known as Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1 (SMA1), is a severe genetic disorder affecting motor neurons, the nerve cells in the spinal cord that control muscle movement. This leads to progressive muscle weakness and atrophy (wasting away). It is the most severe form of SMA and typically presents in infancy.
Welander distal myopathy (WDM) is a rare, slowly progressive neuromuscular disorder primarily affecting the distal muscles, particularly those in the hands and feet. It is a type of distal myopathy, meaning it affects muscles farthest from the center of the body. WDM is typically characterized by muscle weakness and atrophy that begins in adulthood.
Werner syndrome (WS), also known as adult progeria, is a rare, autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by the premature aging of the body. Individuals with WS typically experience normal early development but begin to show signs of accelerated aging in their teens or twenties. This includes features like graying and thinning of hair, skin changes, cataracts, and an increased risk of developing age-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. It is caused by mutations in the
WRN
gene.
Werner's syndrome (WS), also known as adult progeria, is a rare, autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by the premature aging of the body. Individuals with WS typically experience normal early development but begin to exhibit signs of accelerated aging in their teens or twenties. This includes features such as premature graying of hair, cataracts, skin changes, and the development of age-related diseases like type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis at an unusually early age. It significantly reduces lifespan, with affected individuals often living only into their late 40s or early 50s.
Wernicke Encephalopathy (WE) is a serious neurological disorder caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1). It is characterized by a triad of symptoms: confusion, eye movement abnormalities (nystagmus), and ataxia (impaired muscle coordination). If left untreated, WE can progress to Korsakoff syndrome, a chronic neurological condition characterized by severe memory impairment.
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS) is a brain disorder primarily caused by a deficiency in thiamine (vitamin B1). It is actually two distinct conditions that can occur together: Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) and Korsakoff's syndrome (KS). WE is an acute, short-lived condition marked by neurological symptoms, while KS is a chronic, debilitating condition characterized by memory problems and other cognitive impairments. If WE is not treated promptly, it can lead to KS.
Infantile Spasms: These are the hallmark symptom. Spasms are brief, sudden contractions of muscles, often involving the neck, trunk, and limbs. They can occur in clusters, often upon waking or after feeding. Spasms can look like a sudden stiffening, a jerking movement, or a subtle head nod.
Developmental Regression or Arrest: Babies with West Syndrome may stop reaching developmental milestones they previously achieved (regression) or their development may slow down or halt (arrest). This can include loss of motor skills, social skills, or language abilities.
Irritability and Changes in Alertness: Some infants may become unusually irritable, fussy, or less responsive.
West Nile encephalitis is a potentially serious illness that affects the central nervous system. It is caused by the West Nile virus (WNV), which is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. Most people infected with WNV do not develop any symptoms, while others experience mild, flu-like symptoms. A small percentage of infected individuals develop severe illness, including encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) or meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord).
West Nile Fever is a viral infection primarily spread to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. Most people infected with West Nile virus do not develop any symptoms. However, about 20% of infected individuals will develop West Nile fever, a flu-like illness. In rare cases (less than 1%), the virus can cause a serious and potentially fatal neurological illness called West Nile encephalitis or meningitis.
Infantile Spasms: These are the hallmark symptom, often described as brief, sudden contractions of muscles. They may involve flexing or extending the neck, trunk, arms, and legs. Spasms often occur in clusters, particularly upon waking up or falling asleep. They can be subtle, resembling a startle or colic, or more obvious.
Developmental Regression: A loss of previously acquired skills, such as rolling over, sitting, babbling, or social interaction.
Hypsarrhythmia: A chaotic and disorganized pattern of brainwave activity seen on electroencephalogram (EEG).
Western equine encephalitis (WEE) is a mosquito-borne viral disease that can cause inflammation of the brain. It primarily affects horses but can also infect humans, particularly children and the elderly. The disease is caused by the Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV). While many infections are mild or asymptomatic, severe cases can lead to neurological damage and even death.
Wet macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye disease that causes blurred vision or a blind spot in your central vision. It's a chronic and progressive condition where abnormal blood vessels grow under the macula, the central part of the retina. These blood vessels leak fluid and blood, which damages the macula and leads to rapid vision loss.
High-pitched whistling sound during breathing, especially when exhaling.
Shortness of breath.
Tightness in the chest.
Coughing.
Rapid breathing.
Difficulty breathing.
Whipple's disease is a rare, chronic bacterial infection that primarily affects the small intestine. It can also affect other organs, including the brain, heart, and joints. The infection impairs the body's ability to absorb nutrients, leading to a variety of symptoms. Without treatment, Whipple's disease can be serious and even fatal.
Whipple's disease is a rare, chronic bacterial infection that can affect multiple organ systems. It primarily affects the small intestine, impairing nutrient absorption. If left untreated, it can cause serious complications and even be fatal. The causative bacterium is
Tropheryma whipplei
.
White piedra is a superficial fungal infection of the hair shaft caused by various species of the
Trichosporon
fungus. It results in soft, white to light brown nodules firmly attached to the hair, primarily affecting hairs on the face (beard, mustache), scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes. Less commonly, it can affect pubic or axillary hair. It is generally considered a cosmetic problem rather than a serious health concern.
Whipworm infection (Trichuriasis) is a parasitic disease caused by the roundworm
Trichuris trichiura
. These worms live in the large intestine of humans and can cause a range of gastrointestinal symptoms. Infection occurs through ingestion of soil contaminated with whipworm eggs. It's most prevalent in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene.
White Spot Disease (WSD), also known as White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), is a highly contagious and lethal viral disease affecting a wide range of crustaceans, particularly shrimp. It is characterized by the appearance of white spots on the carapace, appendages, and cuticle of infected shrimp. WSD can cause rapid mortality, leading to significant economic losses in shrimp farming industries globally.
Whitmore's disease, also known as melioidosis, is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium
Burkholderia pseudomallei
. It is found in soil and water, particularly in Southeast Asia and northern Australia, but can occur elsewhere. Infection can occur through contact with contaminated soil or water, inhalation of contaminated dust, or ingestion of contaminated water. The disease can manifest in a variety of ways, ranging from localized infections to severe pneumonia and septicemia (blood poisoning). It can be fatal, especially if left untreated.
Wiedemann-Beckwith Syndrome (WBS) is a genetic overgrowth disorder characterized by a wide spectrum of symptoms and physical findings. Individuals with WBS may experience macrosomia (large body size), macroglossia (enlarged tongue), omphalocele (abdominal wall defect where organs protrude), hemihyperplasia (asymmetric overgrowth of one side of the body), and an increased risk of childhood tumors. The severity and combination of features vary significantly among affected individuals.
Wieacker-Wolff syndrome (WWS) is a rare X-linked recessive neurodevelopmental disorder primarily affecting males. It is characterized by prenatal and postnatal motor neuron dysfunction, resulting in hypotonia (decreased muscle tone), muscle weakness, joint contractures, feeding difficulties, and delayed motor development. Cognitive impairment can also be present. The severity of symptoms can vary considerably among affected individuals. Females who carry the causative gene mutation may exhibit milder symptoms.
Wiedemann-Oldigs Syndrome (WOS), also known as Hypogammaglobulinemia and Hyperplasia of Ileal Nodular Lymphoid Tissue, is a very rare primary immunodeficiency disorder. It's characterized by an increased susceptibility to infections, specifically of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, due to low levels of certain antibodies (hypogammaglobulinemia) and an abnormal proliferation of lymphoid tissue in the small intestine (ileal nodular lymphoid hyperplasia). The exact underlying mechanism of the disease is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve a defect in B-cell development or function.
Wildervanck Syndrome, also known as cervico-oculo-acoustic syndrome, is a rare congenital disorder characterized by a triad of symptoms: Klippel-Feil syndrome (fusion of cervical vertebrae), Duane syndrome (eye movement abnormalities), and hearing loss (often sensorineural). The severity and specific manifestation of each symptom can vary greatly among affected individuals.
Wilkie's syndrome, also known as superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome, is a rare digestive disorder characterized by compression of the third part of the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the aorta. This compression causes partial or complete obstruction of the duodenum, leading to symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder. It is caused by a defect or deficiency of von Willebrand factor (VWF), a protein that helps blood platelets clump together and stick to the blood vessel walls, which is necessary for normal blood clotting. This can lead to prolonged or excessive bleeding after injury, surgery, dental work, or during menstruation. VWD is typically a lifelong condition, but symptoms can be managed effectively with treatment.
Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a rare genetic disorder affecting multiple body systems. It is characterized by distinctive facial features, mild to moderate intellectual disability or learning problems, unique personality characteristics, and cardiovascular problems, most commonly supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS). The syndrome is caused by a microdeletion of genetic material from a specific region of chromosome 7.
Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by developmental delays, distinctive facial features (often described as "elfin" facies), cardiovascular problems (especially supravalvular aortic stenosis), unique personality traits (marked by high sociability and affinity for strangers), and intellectual disability, though with relative strengths in language and auditory processing.
Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by developmental delays, learning difficulties, distinctive facial features (often described as "elfin" features), and cardiovascular problems. Individuals with WS often have an outgoing and overly friendly personality.
Willis-Ekbom Disease (WED), also known as Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), is a neurological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs, often accompanied by uncomfortable sensations. These sensations are typically described as creeping, crawling, pulling, throbbing, aching, or itching. The urge to move and the sensations are usually worse in the evening or at night and are often relieved by movement. RLS can significantly disrupt sleep, leading to fatigue and reduced quality of life.
Willis-Ekbom disease, also known as Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), is a neurological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs, often accompanied by uncomfortable sensations. These sensations are often described as creeping, crawling, pulling, throbbing, aching, or itching. The urge to move typically worsens during periods of inactivity, especially in the evening or at night. This can significantly disrupt sleep and impair quality of life.
Willoughby Syndrome is not a recognized or documented medical condition or disease. There is no existing medical literature or established clinical definition for a syndrome bearing that name. It's possible the term is being used informally, is a very rare and recently identified condition that hasn't yet been widely published, or it may be a misunderstanding.
Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma) is a rare type of kidney cancer that primarily affects children, typically between the ages of 3 and 4. It's a cancerous growth that originates in the cells of the kidneys. It's often discovered when a parent or caregiver feels a lump in the child's abdomen. With early diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis is generally very good.
Symptoms vary widely among affected individuals and depend on which organs are primarily affected. They can include:
Liver-related: Fatigue, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), abdominal pain, swelling of the legs and abdomen.
Neurological: Tremors, difficulty speaking or swallowing, muscle stiffness, poor coordination, personality changes, depression, anxiety.
Psychiatric: Behavioral changes, psychosis.
Other: Kayser-Fleischer rings (brownish rings around the cornea of the eye), anemia, kidney problems, arthritis.
Symptoms vary depending on the affected organs and the extent of copper accumulation. Common symptoms include:
Liver: Fatigue, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), abdominal pain, swelling of the legs and abdomen, liver failure.
Neurological: Tremors, muscle stiffness, difficulty with speech and swallowing, poor coordination, personality changes, depression, anxiety, psychosis.
Eyes: Kayser-Fleischer rings (brownish rings around the cornea).
Other: Anemia, kidney problems, arthritis.
Wilson-Turner syndrome is a rare X-linked intellectual disability syndrome primarily affecting males. It is characterized by intellectual disability, distinctive facial features, obesity, gynecomastia (enlarged male breasts), and behavioral problems. The severity of symptoms can vary between individuals.
Winchester syndrome is a rare genetic disorder primarily affecting the bones and joints. It is characterized by progressive joint destruction (arthritis), corneal opacities (clouding of the cornea), thickened skin, and short stature. The disease is caused by mutations in the
MMP14
gene, which codes for a protein involved in breaking down the extracellular matrix, a structural component of tissues.
Windburn is a skin irritation caused by prolonged exposure to wind and cold weather. It's similar to sunburn, but the damage is primarily due to the drying and irritating effects of wind stripping away the skin's natural oils and moisture, rather than solely from ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Although UV radiation can exacerbate windburn, it is not the primary cause.
Winged scapula, also known as scapular winging, is a condition where the shoulder blade (scapula) protrudes from the back, giving it a wing-like appearance. This occurs due to weakness or paralysis of the muscles that control the scapula, particularly the serratus anterior, trapezius, and rhomboid muscles. This impacts the normal movement and stability of the shoulder joint.
Winkler's disease, more accurately known as Chondrodermatitis Nodularis Helicis (CNH), is a benign but painful inflammatory condition affecting the cartilage of the ear, most commonly the helix (the upper, outer rim). It presents as a small, firm, and often tender nodule.
Winship-Lusted-Anderson Syndrome (WLAS) is a very rare genetic disorder characterized by a specific combination of features: hyperphosphatasia (elevated levels of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase in the blood), intellectual disability, and distinctive facial features. Due to its rarity, information is limited.
Winter-Froster Syndrome is a hypothetical condition (as no such officially recognized disease exists). Assuming a fictitious nature for this information, Winter-Froster Syndrome could be described as a condition potentially linked to prolonged exposure to extreme cold, imagined to affect the vascular system and peripheral nerves, resulting in unusual physiological reactions during winter months.
Winters syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by skeletal dysplasia, distinctive facial features, and intellectual disability. The skeletal dysplasia can involve abnormalities of the spine, limbs, and ribs. The facial features often include a broad forehead, widely spaced eyes (hypertelorism), a flattened nasal bridge, and a small chin (micrognathia). The severity of symptoms can vary significantly among affected individuals. It is caused by mutations in the Heparan Sulfate Glucosamine 3-O-Sulfotransferase 3B1 (HS3ST3B1) gene.
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS) is a rare, X-linked recessive genetic disorder that primarily affects males. It is characterized by a triad of symptoms: thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), eczema, and immunodeficiency. This means individuals with WAS have difficulty forming blood clots, experience skin problems, and are highly susceptible to infections. The underlying issue is a defect in a protein called WASp (Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein), which is crucial for the proper function of blood cells and immune cells.
Wissler-Fanconi syndrome, also known as systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA), is a rare autoinflammatory disease that primarily affects children and adolescents. It is characterized by a recurring or persistent fever, rash, arthritis, and inflammation of various organs. It is classified as a type of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, although it's increasingly considered a distinct autoinflammatory condition rather than solely an autoimmune arthritis.
Witkop syndrome (also known as Tooth and Nail Syndrome) is a rare genetic disorder primarily affecting the teeth and nails. It is characterized by hypodontia (missing teeth), dysplastic (abnormally formed) teeth, and nail dystrophy (abnormal nail development). The severity of these features can vary significantly among affected individuals.
Wolcott-Rallison Syndrome (WRS) is a rare, inherited disorder characterized primarily by multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (abnormal bone development, especially in the ends of long bones), neonatal or early-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and skeletal abnormalities. It is a progressive condition with varying degrees of severity. Liver and kidney dysfunction, neurological problems, and intellectual disability can also be associated with WRS.
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a genetic disorder caused by a deletion of genetic material near the end of the short (p) arm of chromosome 4. This deletion results in a combination of distinctive facial features, developmental delays, intellectual disability, seizures, and other health problems. The severity of symptoms varies among affected individuals.
Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a heart condition present at birth (congenital) in which an extra electrical pathway exists between the heart's upper and lower chambers (atria and ventricles). This extra pathway can lead to episodes of rapid heart rate (tachycardia). While some individuals with the extra pathway never experience symptoms, others may experience a range of cardiac issues.
Wolman disease (WD) is a rare, autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) enzyme. This deficiency leads to the accumulation of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides in various organs, including the liver, spleen, and intestines, resulting in severe organ damage and failure. WD is the most severe form of LAL deficiency. Without treatment, it is typically fatal in infancy.
Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome (WSS), also known as panhypopituitarism-progressive extrapyramidal disorder, is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by a combination of endocrine and neurological problems. Key features typically include hypogonadism (underdeveloped sex organs), diabetes mellitus, progressive hearing loss, intellectual disability, and progressive extrapyramidal movement disorders (affecting coordination and movement). The severity of symptoms can vary significantly between affected individuals.
Woolly hair is a rare genetic condition characterized by tightly curled, short, and dry hair that differs significantly from the individual's normal hair texture. It typically affects a localized area of the scalp, often forming a "woolly hair nevus," but can also present as generalized woolly hair affecting the entire scalp. The condition is usually present from early childhood.
Work-related asthma is asthma that is caused or worsened by exposures in the workplace. It can be either:
Occupational asthma: Asthma caused by inhaling dusts, gases, fumes, or other substances while on the job in a person who did not previously have asthma.
Work-exacerbated asthma: Pre-existing asthma that is made worse by conditions in the workplace.
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are injuries and disorders that affect the human body's movement or musculoskeletal system (i.e., muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, spinal discs, etc.). WMSDs are caused or made worse by workplace factors such as repetitive motions, forceful exertions, awkward postures, and vibration. Common examples include carpal tunnel syndrome, tendinitis, back pain, and tension neck syndrome. They can range from minor aches and pains to more serious conditions requiring medical treatment and time off work.
World Health Organization (WHO) Grade I meningiomas are the most common type of meningioma, representing the vast majority of these brain tumors. They are slow-growing tumors that arise from the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Grade I meningiomas are considered benign, meaning they are not cancerous and do not typically spread to other parts of the body. While they are slow-growing, their location can still cause significant problems by compressing the brain or spinal cord.
World Health Organization (WHO) Grade II Meningiomas are atypical tumors that arise from the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. They are considered intermediate-grade tumors, meaning they have a higher risk of recurrence and more aggressive growth patterns compared to Grade I meningiomas, but are less aggressive than Grade III (anaplastic) meningiomas. They are typically slow-growing but can cause neurological symptoms due to their location and compression of surrounding brain tissue.
WHO Grade III Meningiomas, also known as Anaplastic Meningiomas, are rare, aggressive brain tumors that originate from the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. They are characterized by rapid growth, a higher likelihood of recurrence after treatment, and potential for metastasis (spread to other parts of the body), although metastasis is uncommon. These tumors show distinct malignant features under microscopic examination, differentiating them from the more common benign (Grade I) and atypical (Grade II) meningiomas. They are associated with poorer outcomes than lower-grade meningiomas.
"Worms" is a broad term encompassing parasitic infections caused by various types of helminths (parasitic worms). These worms can live inside the human body, consuming nutrients and causing a range of health problems. Common types include roundworms, tapeworms, hookworms, and pinworms. Infections are prevalent worldwide, particularly in areas with poor sanitation.
Woringer-Kolopp disease, also known as pagetoid reticulosis, is a rare, chronic skin condition classified as a type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). It is characterized by localized or widespread patches of reddish-brown, scaly skin lesions that often resemble psoriasis or eczema. While it is generally considered a benign or low-grade lymphoma, its chronic nature and potential for progression require careful monitoring and management.
Wound infections occur when bacteria, viruses, or fungi invade a wound, disrupting the normal healing process and potentially causing localized or systemic complications. These infections can range from mild, superficial infections to severe, life-threatening conditions. The severity depends on factors like the type of microorganism involved, the depth and location of the wound, and the individual's overall health and immune system.
A wound is a disruption of the normal structure and function of living tissue. This can range from a minor scrape to a deep penetration involving muscles, bones, and internal organs. Wounds can be caused by physical, chemical, thermal, or other injurious agents. The body's natural response is to initiate a complex healing process to repair the damage. Wound management aims to support this process and prevent complications like infection.
Wrist drop, also known as radial nerve palsy, is a condition characterized by the inability to extend the wrist and fingers. This results in the hand hanging limply at the wrist. It's caused by damage to the radial nerve, which controls the muscles in the forearm and hand responsible for wrist and finger extension. The severity can vary, ranging from weakness to complete paralysis.
Wuchereriasis, also known as lymphatic filariasis, is a parasitic disease caused by the filarial worm
Wuchereria bancrofti
. It is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes. The worms live in the lymphatic system, causing damage and obstruction. This can lead to swelling of the limbs (lymphedema), thickening of the skin and underlying tissues (elephantiasis), and hydrocele (swelling of the scrotum). Wuchereriasis is a major cause of disability worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions.
Wuhrmann Cataract, also known as Coronary Cataract, is a specific type of cataract characterized by the presence of bluish-gray, club-shaped opacities in the deep cortex of the lens, arranged in a circular or coronary pattern around the nucleus. It is typically a slowly progressive condition and often doesn't significantly impair vision in its early stages. This type of cataract is often congenital or develops early in life.
Wyburn-Mason Syndrome (WMS), also known as Bonnet-Dechaume-Blanc syndrome, is a rare, non-inherited congenital condition characterized by arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), primarily affecting the brain, retina, and sometimes the skin, bones, and other tissues. AVMs are abnormal tangles of blood vessels where arteries connect directly to veins, bypassing capillaries. This abnormal connection can lead to a variety of neurological and visual symptoms.
Wyburn-Mason syndrome (WMS), also known as Bonnet-Dechaume-Blanc syndrome, is a rare, non-inherited congenital condition characterized by arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). These AVMs are abnormal tangles of blood vessels (arteries and veins) that can occur in the brain, retina (eye), and sometimes the skin, bones, muscles, or jaws. The AVMs lack the normal capillary network between arteries and veins, leading to high-pressure blood flow that can cause various complications. The severity and symptoms vary greatly depending on the location and size of the AVMs.
Widal-Abrami-Brill disease (Brill-Zinsser disease) is a recrudescence (relapse) of typhus fever. It occurs in individuals who previously had epidemic typhus (caused by
Rickettsia prowazekii
) and harbored the organism in their body for years, even decades, without any symptoms. It is generally milder than the primary epidemic typhus.
1. Summary about disease: Wagener-Pelc-Huwer anomaly, also known as Familial Leukoencephalopathy with Spheroids (ALSP), is a rare, inherited neurological disorder primarily affecting the white matter of the brain. It is characterized by progressive cognitive and motor decline, often with psychiatric symptoms. The disease is caused by mutations in the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) gene.
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) type 1 is a genetic condition characterized by varying degrees of hearing loss, pigmentary abnormalities (affecting the eyes, hair, and skin), and craniofacial features. The severity and combination of these features can vary greatly from person to person. It is typically inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning only one copy of the mutated gene is needed to cause the disorder.
Waardenburg syndrome type 2 (WS2) is a genetic condition characterized primarily by varying degrees of hearing loss and pigmentary abnormalities. Unlike Waardenburg syndrome type 1 (WS1), WS2 typically does
not
involve dystopia canthorum (widely spaced eyes). The specific combination and severity of features can vary significantly among affected individuals. It is a rare condition.
Waardenburg syndrome type 3 (WS3), also known as Klein-Waardenburg syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by hearing loss and pigmentary abnormalities (affecting the skin, hair, and eyes) similar to other types of Waardenburg syndrome, but with the
additional
presence of musculoskeletal abnormalities. These musculoskeletal problems can range from mild to severe and may include contractures (permanent tightening of muscles, tendons, skin, and nearby tissues that cause the joints to shorten and become very stiff), limb malformations, and neurological problems. It's caused by mutations in the
PAX3
gene.
Waardenburg syndrome type 4 (WS4), also known as Waardenburg-Shah syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the combination of hearing loss, pigmentary abnormalities (affecting the hair, skin, and eyes), and Hirschsprung disease (a condition affecting the large intestine, causing constipation or intestinal obstruction). The severity and specific features can vary significantly among affected individuals. It is caused by mutations in genes involved in the development of neural crest cells, which play a crucial role in forming various tissues and organs.
Wagner-Unverricht disease, also known as Lafora disease, is a rare, autosomal recessive, progressive myoclonic epilepsy. It is characterized by the presence of Lafora bodies, which are abnormal accumulations of glycogen within cells, particularly in the brain, muscles, and skin. The disease typically manifests in adolescence and is marked by rapidly progressive neurological deterioration.
Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS), also known as Warburg syndrome, HARD syndrome (Hydrocephalus, Agyria, and Retinal Dysplasia), or cerebro-ocular dysgenesis, is a rare, autosomal recessive congenital muscular dystrophy. It is characterized by severe brain, eye, and muscle abnormalities. The prognosis is generally very poor, with most affected individuals surviving only into early childhood.
Warburg Micro Syndrome 1 (WARBM1) is a rare, autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe global developmental delay, intellectual disability, microcephaly (abnormally small head size), eye abnormalities, and distinctive facial features. It is caused by mutations in the RAB3GAP1 gene. The severity of the condition varies among affected individuals.
Warburg Micro syndrome 2 (WARBM2) is a rare, genetically determined disorder characterized by severe neurodevelopmental delays, eye abnormalities, microcephaly (abnormally small head size), and a range of other physical and neurological issues. It is caused by mutations in the RAB3GAP1 gene. The severity of the condition can vary between individuals, but it typically presents early in life and leads to significant disability.
Warburg Micro syndrome 4 (WARBM4) is a rare, severe, autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by brain malformations, severe intellectual disability, microcephaly (abnormally small head size), eye abnormalities, and progressive neurological deterioration. It is a genetically determined condition, meaning it is caused by changes (mutations) in specific genes.
Warburg Micro syndrome 3 is a rare, inherited genetic disorder characterized by severe neurological problems, eye abnormalities, and microcephaly (abnormally small head size). It is a type of Warburg Micro syndrome (WARBM) which is a group of related conditions with overlapping features. The primary features often include intellectual disability, seizures, vision impairment, and difficulties with motor skills. The severity of symptoms can vary.
Warm antibody hemolytic anemia (WAHA) is an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys its own red blood cells. This destruction, known as hemolysis, occurs primarily at body temperature (hence "warm antibody"). The antibodies involved are typically IgG, and they bind to red blood cell surface antigens, leading to their premature destruction by the spleen and liver. This results in a shortage of red blood cells, causing anemia.
Warts are common skin growths caused by a viral infection, specifically by the human papillomavirus (HPV). They are typically harmless but can be unsightly, uncomfortable, and sometimes painful. Warts can appear on various parts of the body, with common locations being the hands, feet, and genitals. There are different types of warts, each with a slightly different appearance.
Palpitations (awareness of heartbeats)
Shortness of breath, especially with exertion or when lying down
Chest pain (angina)
Fatigue
Lightheadedness or dizziness, particularly with exertion
Swelling in the ankles and feet
Visible pulsations in the neck vessels
Proximal arm and leg weakness: Weakness primarily in the shoulders and hips, rather than the hands and feet (often described as "man-in-a-barrel syndrome").
Sensory loss: Similar distribution to weakness, affecting the shoulders and hips more than the hands and feet.
Visual disturbances: Visual field deficits, especially in posterior watershed strokes.
Cognitive impairment: Difficulties with attention, memory, and executive function (more common with bilateral watershed strokes).
Speech difficulties: Aphasia (difficulty speaking or understanding language) may occur.
A wattle cyst in chickens refers to a fluid-filled sac or lesion that develops on the wattle, which is the fleshy appendage that hangs below the beak. These cysts are generally benign but can sometimes grow large enough to interfere with feeding, drinking, or movement. They are more common in certain breeds and can be caused by various factors.
Weaver syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by tall stature, advanced skeletal maturation, characteristic facial features, and intellectual disability (ranging from mild to severe). It is a complex syndrome with variable expression, meaning that the severity and specific features can differ significantly between affected individuals.
Weber-Christian panniculitis is a rare inflammatory disorder characterized by inflammation of the subcutaneous fat (panniculitis). This leads to painful nodules, typically on the legs, but potentially affecting other areas of the body. It's often idiopathic (meaning the cause is unknown), but can sometimes be associated with underlying systemic diseases or infections.
Periods of weight loss.
Periods of weight gain.
Feeling frustrated or discouraged about weight management.
Potentially, changes in body composition (e.g., less muscle, more fat).
Psychological distress related to body image and dieting.
1. Summary about disease Weight stigma, also known as weight bias or weight discrimination, refers to the negative attitudes, beliefs, judgments, and stereotypes directed toward individuals based on their weight or body size. It is a form of social stigma that can manifest in various settings, including healthcare, employment, education, and interpersonal relationships. Weight stigma can lead to discrimination, prejudice, and unfair treatment, negatively impacting the physical and psychological well-being of affected individuals.
Werdnig-Hoffmann disease, also known as spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (SMA1), is a severe genetic disorder that affects motor neurons, the nerve cells in the spinal cord that control muscle movement. This leads to progressive muscle weakness and atrophy (wasting). It is the most severe form of SMA, typically presenting in infancy.
Fever
Headache
Rash (often starting on the extremities and spreading inwards)
Muscle aches
Fatigue
Confusion
Nausea and vomiting
Werner syndrome-like disorder is a group of rare genetic conditions that mimic some of the features of Werner syndrome (adult progeria), but are not caused by mutations in the
WRN
gene, which is responsible for classical Werner syndrome. These disorders typically involve premature aging, but the specific symptoms and severity can vary depending on the underlying genetic cause. Identifying the specific genetic defect is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.
1. Summary about disease West Nile virus (WNV) infection is a disease primarily spread to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. Most people infected with WNV do not develop any symptoms. However, about 20% of infected individuals will develop West Nile fever, a flu-like illness. A small percentage (less than 1%) develop a serious neurologic illness such as encephalitis or meningitis. WNV is maintained in a cycle between mosquitoes and birds.
West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND) is a severe form of West Nile virus (WNV) infection that affects the nervous system. It is a potentially life-threatening illness caused by the West Nile virus, typically transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. While many people infected with WNV experience no symptoms or only mild illness, WNND can lead to encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) or meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord).
The Westphal variant of Huntington's disease is a less common form of Huntington's disease (HD), typically characterized by early onset (often in childhood or adolescence) and a predominance of rigidity and akinesia (slowness of movement) over chorea (involuntary, jerky movements). It also frequently involves seizures and cognitive decline that may appear earlier and progress more rapidly compared to the adult-onset form of HD.
Wet beriberi is a serious condition caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1). It primarily affects the cardiovascular system, leading to heart failure and fluid accumulation in the tissues (edema). It's a life-threatening condition requiring immediate medical attention.
1. Summary about disease Wheals, also known as hives or urticaria, are raised, itchy welts that appear on the skin. They are usually red or skin-colored and can vary in size and shape. Wheals are a common skin reaction, often triggered by an allergic reaction, infection, or other underlying condition. They are typically temporary, resolving within a few hours to days. Angioedema, which is swelling in deeper skin layers, can sometimes accompany hives.
Whipple's disease is a rare, systemic infectious disease that primarily affects the small intestine, but can also affect other organs including the brain, heart, and joints. It is caused by the bacterium
Tropheryma whipplei
. The disease interferes with the body's ability to absorb nutrients, leading to malabsorption.
Whistling face syndrome, also known as Freeman-Sheldon syndrome (FSS), is a rare genetic disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, including a small mouth with puckered lips (giving the appearance of whistling), and contractures of the hands and feet. The severity of symptoms can vary widely among affected individuals.
White blood cell (WBC) disorders encompass a range of conditions affecting the production, function, or survival of white blood cells. These cells are crucial for the immune system, defending the body against infection and disease. Disorders can involve too few WBCs (leukopenia), too many WBCs (leukocytosis), or dysfunctional WBCs, increasing susceptibility to infections, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. Examples include leukemias, lymphomas, neutropenia, and myelodysplastic syndromes.
Motor difficulties: Muscle weakness, stiffness (spasticity), problems with coordination (ataxia), difficulty walking.
Cognitive impairment: Problems with memory, attention, processing speed, and executive functions (planning, problem-solving).
Visual problems: Vision loss, double vision, nystagmus (involuntary eye movements).
Speech difficulties: Slurred speech (dysarthria), difficulty finding words (aphasia).
Seizures.
Developmental delays (in children).
Behavioral and psychiatric problems: Irritability, depression, anxiety, psychosis.
Fatigue.
White sponge nevus (WSN), also known as familial white folded dysplasia, is a rare, benign, autosomal dominant condition affecting the mucous membranes, most commonly within the oral cavity. It's characterized by asymptomatic, thick, white, corrugated or spongy plaques. It is not cancerous or pre-cancerous and typically presents in childhood or adolescence.
Whitlow is a painful infection of the fingers, typically involving the pulp of the fingertip. It's usually caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), leading to herpetic whitlow, or by bacteria, causing bacterial whitlow. It is characterized by redness, swelling, and small blisters or pustules on the affected finger.
Symptoms vary greatly depending on the radiation dose received. Generally, the higher the dose, the more rapid and severe the symptoms. Common symptoms include:
Prodromal Phase (initial hours/days): Nausea, vomiting, fatigue, anorexia (loss of appetite), diarrhea, fever.
Latent Phase: A period with few or no symptoms, the duration of which depends on the dose.
Manifest Illness Phase:
Hematopoietic Syndrome (Bone Marrow Syndrome): Reduced blood cell production leading to infection, bleeding, and anemia.
Gastrointestinal Syndrome: Damage to the lining of the intestines resulting in severe diarrhea, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and sepsis.
Neurovascular Syndrome: (Very high doses) Disorientation, seizures, coma, and death.
Skin effects: Erythema (redness), blistering, ulceration, and potentially long-term radiation burns.
Wickerham-Burgess syndrome is
not a recognized or documented medical condition
in current medical literature. There is no established syndrome with this name listed in reputable medical databases, textbooks, or research publications. It is possible that the term is being used informally, locally, or represents a misunderstanding of another medical condition. Without further information, it's impossible to define or describe the characteristics of a non-existent disease.
Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome (WBS) is a genetic overgrowth disorder. It is characterized by a range of features that can vary significantly in severity from person to person. The main features are macrosomia (large body size), macroglossia (enlarged tongue), omphalocele (abdominal wall defect at birth), hemihyperplasia (one side of the body is larger than the other), and an increased risk of certain childhood tumors, particularly Wilms tumor (a kidney cancer) and hepatoblastoma (a liver cancer).
Wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRwt amyloidosis) is a progressive systemic disease characterized by the misfolding and aggregation of normal (wild-type) transthyretin (TTR) protein. These misfolded TTR proteins form amyloid fibrils that deposit in various tissues and organs, primarily the heart, but also the peripheral nerves, carpal tunnel, and other organs. This deposition leads to organ dysfunction and ultimately, heart failure and/or nerve damage.
Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a rare genetic disorder that affects many parts of the body. It is characterized by developmental delays, learning challenges, distinctive facial features, heart and blood vessel problems, and an unusually cheerful demeanor. People with WBS often have outgoing personalities and a high level of empathy.
A Willis circle aneurysm is a bulge or ballooning in a blood vessel at the Circle of Willis. The Circle of Willis is a network of arteries located at the base of the brain. These aneurysms can be dangerous because they can rupture, leading to bleeding in the brain (subarachnoid hemorrhage). This can cause serious complications, including stroke, brain damage, or even death. Many aneurysms remain small and asymptomatic, only being discovered during imaging tests for other conditions.
Wilms' tumor, also known as nephroblastoma, is a rare type of kidney cancer that primarily affects children, typically between the ages of 3 and 4. It is a malignant tumor that arises from immature kidney cells (nephroblasts) that failed to develop properly. With prompt diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis for Wilms' tumor is generally very good.
Wilson's disease is a rare, inherited disorder that causes copper to accumulate in the body, primarily in the liver, brain, and eyes. This buildup can lead to organ damage and a variety of neurological and psychiatric symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent serious complications.
Wimberger's sign refers to a radiographic finding seen in infants with congenital syphilis. It is characterized by erosive or destructive changes, specifically symmetrical osteolytic lesions, commonly observed in the proximal medial tibial metaphysis. It can also affect other long bones. While indicative of syphilis, it's important to remember that the presence of Wimberger's sign alone doesn't confirm the diagnosis; further testing is crucial.
Wind Turbine Syndrome (WTS) is a proposed set of symptoms claimed to be caused by living in close proximity to wind turbines. It is not a medically recognized or scientifically accepted condition. The existence of WTS and its link to wind turbines is highly controversial, with most scientific studies attributing reported health issues near wind turbines to other factors.
Winged scapula syndrome, or scapular winging, is a condition characterized by the abnormal prominence of the shoulder blade (scapula) on the back. This occurs because the muscles that stabilize the scapula against the ribcage are weakened or paralyzed, leading to the scapula protruding outwards, resembling a wing.
Winterbottom's sign is a clinical sign characterized by the enlargement of lymph nodes, particularly those located in the posterior cervical triangle (the area at the back of the neck), due to infection with
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
, the parasite that causes West African sleeping sickness (human African trypanosomiasis). It indicates a late stage of the infection, specifically stage 1 when the parasite is circulating in the blood and lymph.
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare genetic disorder that primarily affects males. It is characterized by eczema, thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), immune deficiency, and bloody diarrhea. Individuals with WAS have difficulty forming blood clots, are prone to infections, and have an increased risk of developing autoimmune diseases and certain cancers.
Witches' broom is a plant disease characterized by an abnormal, dense cluster of shoots that resemble a broom or a witch's broom. This proliferation of shoots is usually caused by various pathogens, including phytoplasmas, fungi, viruses, or bacteria. The disease can affect a wide range of woody plants, including trees and shrubs, causing deformities, reduced vigor, and sometimes death.
Withdrawal syndrome refers to a group of symptoms that occur when a person abruptly stops or significantly reduces their use of a substance they have become dependent on. The severity and type of symptoms vary depending on the substance, the duration and level of dependence, and individual factors. Withdrawal can be a dangerous and uncomfortable process, sometimes requiring medical supervision.
Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a congenital heart condition characterized by an abnormal electrical pathway in the heart. This extra pathway can cause a rapid heartbeat (tachycardia). People with WPW syndrome may experience episodes of rapid heart rate, which can lead to other symptoms. While WPW syndrome is usually not life-threatening, it can cause serious complications in some individuals.
Males:
Epididymal cysts or spermatoceles (cysts near the testicles)
Prostatic utricle cysts (cysts in the prostate gland)
Infertility (rare, if the cysts obstruct sperm transport)
Pain or discomfort in the scrotum or pelvis
Females:
Gartner's duct cysts (cysts in the vaginal wall)
Pelvic pain
Vaginal discharge
Dyspareunia (painful intercourse)
Urinary symptoms (if the cyst compresses the bladder or urethra)
Wolman disease (WD) is a rare, autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) enzyme. This deficiency leads to the accumulation of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides in various organs, primarily the liver, spleen, and adrenal glands. It is the most severe form of lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D). WD typically presents in infancy and is characterized by rapid progression, leading to death within the first year of life without treatment.
Wood tick paralysis is a rare, acute, ascending flaccid paralysis caused by a neurotoxin present in the saliva of certain species of female ticks, most commonly the Rocky Mountain wood tick (
Dermacentor andersoni
) and the American dog tick (
Dermacentor variabilis
). The paralysis resolves rapidly after the tick is removed.
Woolly hair nevus (WHN) is a rare benign skin condition characterized by a localized patch of tightly curled, woolly hair that differs significantly from the surrounding hair. It's considered a type of epidermal nevus, meaning it's a developmental abnormality of the skin. WHN is often associated with other skin abnormalities, such as hyperpigmentation or thickening of the skin in the affected area.
Anxiety
Depression
Stress
Sleep disturbances
Loss of self-esteem
Difficulty concentrating
Gastrointestinal problems
Panic attacks
Increased absenteeism or presenteeism (being at work but unproductive)
Social isolation
Feelings of helplessness or hopelessness
Burnout
The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) is a system used to categorize and grade tumors that arise in the brain and spinal cord. These tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). The classification is based on microscopic appearance (histology), genetic features (molecular markers), and location of the tumor. The WHO classification is updated periodically to reflect advances in our understanding of CNS tumors, helping guide diagnosis, treatment planning, and prognosis. The current classification focuses heavily on integrating molecular information alongside traditional histological features to better define tumor types.
Worm infestations, also known as helminthiasis, are infections caused by parasitic worms that live in the human body. These worms can reside in various parts of the body, most commonly the intestines, and can cause a range of symptoms depending on the type of worm and the severity of the infection. Common types of worms include roundworms, hookworms, pinworms, whipworms, and tapeworms.
Wound botulism is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by toxins produced by the bacterium
Clostridium botulinum
that infects a wound. Unlike foodborne botulism, where pre-formed toxin is ingested, wound botulism occurs when
C. botulinum
spores contaminate a wound, germinate, and produce the neurotoxin within the body. This toxin interferes with nerve function, leading to muscle paralysis.
Loose, sagging skin, particularly in the face, neck, and limbs.
Aged facial appearance.
Hoarse voice (due to laryngeal involvement).
Hernias (inguinal, umbilical).
Joint hypermobility.
Emphysema (lung involvement).
Cardiovascular problems (e.g., aortic aneurysms).
Developmental delays (in some cases).
Gastrointestinal issues
Wry neck, also known as torticollis, is a condition characterized by an abnormal, asymmetrical head or neck position. The head is often twisted to one side, and the chin points to the opposite side. It can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired later in life. The condition can involve muscle spasms, shortening of neck muscles (particularly the sternocleidomastoid), or underlying skeletal or neurological issues.
Wuhrmann lens opacity, also known as axial embryonic cataract, is a rare, non-progressive congenital condition characterized by fine, dust-like or needle-shaped opacities located in the central area (nucleus) of the lens of the eye. It is usually bilateral, meaning it affects both eyes. The opacities are typically present at birth or develop in early childhood. Because the opacities are usually small and central, Wuhrmann lens opacity often doesn't significantly affect vision.
Cultural sensitivity: Recognizing that the experience and expression of trauma can vary across cultures.
Comorbidity: Understanding that war trauma often co-occurs with other mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Individualized treatment: Tailoring treatment approaches to meet the specific needs of each individual.
Moral injury: Addressing the moral and ethical dilemmas that may arise from war experiences.
Ongoing support: Providing long-term support and resources to help individuals manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.
Walking pneumonia is a mild form of pneumonia, often caused by
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
bacteria. It gets its name because people often feel well enough to continue their daily activities while infected, unlike with more severe forms of pneumonia that require bed rest. It's typically less severe than other types of pneumonia and rarely requires hospitalization.
Water intoxication, also known as hyponatremia or water poisoning, is a condition that occurs when the sodium levels in the blood become dangerously low due to excessive water consumption. This dilution of sodium disrupts the body's electrolyte balance, leading to various neurological and systemic complications. It is important to note that water intoxication is different from dehydration, where the body lacks sufficient fluids.
Water-borne diseases are illnesses caused by pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, parasites) or toxic chemicals that are transmitted through contaminated water. These diseases can range from mild gastroenteritis to severe, life-threatening conditions. Poor sanitation, inadequate water treatment, and improper hygiene practices contribute to their spread.
A weak bladder, also known as bladder weakness or urinary incontinence, refers to the involuntary leakage of urine. It can range from a minor inconvenience of occasional leakage to a debilitating condition that severely impacts daily life. The severity and type of incontinence can vary depending on the underlying cause.
Well's syndrome, also known as eosinophilic cellulitis, is a rare inflammatory skin condition characterized by recurrent episodes of intensely itchy, swollen, and red plaques that resemble cellulitis. A key feature is the presence of flame figures (areas of collagen alteration surrounded by eosinophils) in skin biopsies. While the exact cause remains unclear, it's thought to involve an abnormal immune response.
West African sleeping sickness, also known as West African trypanosomiasis or
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
trypanosomiasis, is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan parasite
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected tsetse flies. The disease progresses in two stages: an early hemolymphatic stage and a late neurological stage. Without treatment, it is fatal.
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