Vaccinia is a viral disease caused by the vaccinia virus. It is most widely known for its role in the smallpox vaccine, which used a live vaccinia virus to create immunity against the deadly smallpox virus. While the smallpox vaccine has eradicated smallpox, vaccinia virus can still cause infection, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems or certain skin conditions. Vaccinia infection typically results in a localized skin eruption, but in rare cases, it can lead to more serious, widespread complications.
Varicella, commonly known as chickenpox, is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It's characterized by a blistering, itchy rash that spreads across the body. While typically mild in children, it can be more severe in adults and individuals with compromised immune systems. After the initial infection, the virus remains dormant in the body and can reactivate later in life as shingles (herpes zoster).
Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins that appear close to the skin's surface. They commonly occur in the legs and ankles. They are caused by weakened valves and veins in your legs, which allow blood to pool, leading to swelling and discomfort. While generally not dangerous, they can be unsightly and sometimes painful.
Vasculitis is a general term for a group of rare diseases that involve inflammation of the blood vessels. This inflammation can cause the walls of the blood vessels to thicken, which reduces the width of the space inside the vessel. This narrowing can restrict blood flow, resulting in organ and tissue damage. Vasculitis can affect blood vessels of any size, in any organ, and can range from mild to life-threatening.
Vasovagal syncope (also called neurocardiogenic syncope) is a common cause of fainting. It occurs when your body overreacts to certain triggers, such as the sight of blood, extreme emotional distress, prolonged standing, or heat exposure. This overreaction causes a sudden drop in your heart rate and blood pressure, leading to reduced blood flow to your brain and resulting in a brief loss of consciousness (fainting).
Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) is a life-threatening heart rhythm problem that occurs when the ventricles (the heart's lower chambers) quiver instead of contracting normally. This chaotic electrical activity prevents the heart from pumping blood, leading to cardiac arrest. It requires immediate medical intervention to restore a normal heart rhythm.
Ventricular tachycardia (V-tach) is a rapid heart rhythm that originates in the ventricles (lower chambers) of the heart. It's defined as a heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute with at least three irregular heartbeats in a row originating from the ventricles. It can be life-threatening because the rapid heart rate can prevent the heart from pumping enough blood to the body.
Vertigo is a sensation of spinning or whirling, even when you're not moving. It's a symptom, rather than a disease itself, and can be caused by a variety of underlying conditions affecting the inner ear or brain. It can lead to balance problems, nausea, and difficulty with daily activities.
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a condition in which urine flows backward from the bladder into one or both ureters and sometimes into the kidneys. Normally, urine flows from the kidneys, through the ureters, to the bladder, and then is expelled from the body. VUR occurs when the valve-like mechanism at the junction of the ureter and bladder is defective or absent, allowing urine to reflux back up the urinary tract. This reflux can increase the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and, in severe cases, can lead to kidney damage (reflux nephropathy).
Viral meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes (meninges) and fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord, caused by a viral infection. It is generally less severe than bacterial meningitis, and most people recover completely on their own or with minor treatment. Many different viruses can cause viral meningitis, including enteroviruses, herpesviruses, mumps virus, and West Nile virus.
1. Summary about disease: Viral pneumonia is an infection of the lungs caused by a virus. It leads to inflammation of the air sacs in the lungs (alveoli), which can fill with fluid or pus, making it difficult to breathe. It can range in severity from mild to life-threatening.
Viral encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain caused by a viral infection. It can cause a range of neurological symptoms, from mild flu-like illness to severe neurological damage, coma, and even death. The severity and specific symptoms depend on the virus involved and the individual's immune response.
Vitiligo is a long-term skin condition characterized by the loss of pigment in patches. This occurs when melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin (the pigment that gives skin its color), are destroyed or stop functioning. This can result in white patches on the skin, which can affect any area of the body, including the skin, hair, and mucous membranes. Vitiligo is not life-threatening or contagious, but it can be disfiguring and emotionally distressing.
1. Summary about disease: Vocal cord paralysis occurs when one or both of your vocal cords don't open or close properly. This can cause voice changes, difficulty breathing, and problems swallowing. It happens when the nerve impulses to your larynx (voice box) are disrupted, leading to paralysis of the vocal cord muscles. Paralysis can affect one (unilateral) or both (bilateral) vocal cords.
Volvulus is a condition where a loop of the intestine twists around itself and the mesentery, the membrane that supports the intestine. This twisting can cause bowel obstruction, cutting off the blood supply and potentially leading to tissue damage, infection, and even death if not treated promptly. Volvulus can occur in various locations within the gastrointestinal tract, including the sigmoid colon, cecum, or small intestine. It is a serious medical emergency requiring immediate attention.
Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is a genetic bleeding disorder that affects the blood's ability to clot properly. This occurs because of a deficiency or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor (VWF), a protein that helps platelets stick together and carry clotting factor VIII. The severity of VWD can vary widely, from mild to severe, and some individuals may not even know they have it until they experience unusual bleeding.
Vulvodynia is chronic pain in the vulva (the external female genitals) without an identifiable cause. The pain, which can be burning, stinging, throbbing, or raw, can make sexual activity, tampon insertion, sitting for long periods, or even just wearing tight clothing unbearable. The condition can be localized (vestibulodynia, pain at the vaginal opening) or generalized, affecting the entire vulva. Vulvodynia is not an infection or a disease; it's a pain condition.
Vulvovaginitis is an inflammation or infection of the vulva (the external female genitalia) and vagina. It can result from a variety of causes, including infections, irritants, or allergies. It's a common condition affecting women of all ages.
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) causes two distinct diseases: varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles). Chickenpox is the primary infection, typically occurring in childhood, characterized by a widespread, itchy, blister-like rash. After chickenpox resolves, VZV remains dormant in nerve cells. Years later, the virus can reactivate, causing shingles, a painful rash that typically appears as a stripe on one side of the body.
Vesicular Stomatitis (VS) is a viral disease that primarily affects livestock, including horses, cattle, swine, and occasionally sheep and goats. It is characterized by fever and the formation of vesicles (blisters) in the mouth, on the tongue, around the nostrils, and on the coronary bands of the feet. These vesicles rupture, leaving erosions that can be painful and cause reluctance to eat or move. VS is economically significant due to production losses and trade restrictions imposed to prevent its spread. It is also a zoonotic disease, meaning it can be transmitted to humans, although human infections are rare.
1. Summary about disease: Viral gastroenteritis, often called "stomach flu" (though it's not related to influenza), is an intestinal infection marked by watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea or vomiting, and sometimes fever. It's usually caused by a virus and typically lasts a few days.
Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina that can result in discharge, itching, and pain. It's a common condition caused by infection, irritation, or changes in the normal balance of vaginal bacteria. The most common types are bacterial vaginosis, yeast infections (candidiasis), and trichomoniasis.
Valvular heart disease (VHD) occurs when one or more of the heart's four valves don't work properly. These valves (the aortic, mitral, tricuspid, and pulmonary valves) open and close to direct blood flow through the heart and to the rest of the body. VHD can involve stenosis (narrowing) that restricts blood flow, regurgitation (leaking) that allows blood to flow backward, or prolapse (improper closure). The severity can range from mild to life-threatening.
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) is a birth defect in which there's an abnormal opening in the wall (septum) separating the two lower pumping chambers of the heart (ventricles). This allows oxygen-rich blood to flow from the left ventricle into the right ventricle, mixing with oxygen-poor blood. The extra blood volume overloads the right side of the heart and lungs, potentially leading to heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. The severity of the VSD depends on the size of the hole. Small VSDs may close on their own, while larger ones require surgical intervention.
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome is a rare, multi-system autoimmune disease that affects pigmented tissues, primarily the eyes, but also the skin, inner ear, and meninges (membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord). It leads to inflammation, which can cause vision loss, hearing problems, and neurological issues. The exact trigger is unknown, but it is believed to be an autoimmune reaction targeting melanocytes (pigment-producing cells). Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent permanent damage.
Viral hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver caused by a viral infection. There are several types of viral hepatitis, the most common being hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. Each type has different modes of transmission, severity, and potential for chronic liver disease. Viral hepatitis can range from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a serious, lifelong condition.
Valproic acid toxicity occurs when there is too much valproic acid (VPA) in the body. VPA is a medication used to treat epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and migraines. Overdose can happen accidentally by taking too much of the prescribed medication, intentionally in suicide attempts, or due to interactions with other medications or underlying medical conditions. Toxicity can lead to a range of symptoms, from mild gastrointestinal upset to severe neurological and cardiovascular dysfunction.
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) is a type of bacteria (enterococci) that has developed resistance to the antibiotic vancomycin. Enterococci are normally present in the human intestines and in the environment. VRE infections can be difficult to treat because vancomycin is often used as a last-resort antibiotic for other infections. VRE infections are most common in hospitals and other healthcare settings.
Difficulties with planning and organizing
Slower thinking speed
Problems with attention and concentration
Memory problems (may be more prominent with recent events)
Difficulties with language (finding the right words)
Changes in mood or personality (depression, irritability)
Unsteady gait or balance problems
Urinary incontinence
Variegate porphyria (VP) is a rare genetic metabolic disorder affecting the production of heme, a component of hemoglobin. It is characterized by acute attacks involving the nervous system, skin problems (photosensitivity), or both. Symptoms vary widely and not everyone with the genetic mutation will experience symptoms. The disease results from a deficiency in the enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPOX) within the heme biosynthetic pathway.
Shortness of breath, especially during exercise or when lying down
Chest pain (angina)
Palpitations (feeling of rapid, fluttering, or pounding heartbeats)
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Fainting (syncope)
Fatigue
Swelling in the ankles, feet, or abdomen (edema)
Vision loss refers to a partial or complete loss of sight. It can develop gradually over time or occur suddenly. Vision loss can range from mild impairment to total blindness and can affect one or both eyes. The impact on a person's life varies depending on the severity and nature of the loss.
Vitamin A: Night blindness, dry skin, impaired immune function.
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine): Fatigue, weakness, nerve damage (Beriberi).
Vitamin B3 (Niacin): Skin rash (pellagra), diarrhea, dementia.
Vitamin B12: Fatigue, weakness, nerve damage, anemia.
Vitamin C: Scurvy (bleeding gums, bruising, poor wound healing).
Vitamin D: Bone pain, muscle weakness, rickets (in children), osteomalacia (in adults).
Vitamin E: Nerve damage, muscle weakness, vision problems.
Vitamin K: Bleeding problems, impaired blood clotting.
Folate (Vitamin B9): Fatigue, weakness, mouth sores, anemia
Vocal cord nodules, also known as singer's nodules or screamer's nodules, are benign (non-cancerous) growths on the vocal cords. They are callus-like formations that develop on the middle of the vocal cords, typically in pairs. These nodules interfere with vocal cord vibration, leading to changes in voice quality.
Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is a rare, genetic disorder characterized by the growth of tumors and cysts in various parts of the body. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). The most common sites affected include the brain, spinal cord, kidneys, adrenal glands, and eyes. VHL disease is caused by mutations in the VHL gene, which acts as a tumor suppressor.
Vaginismus is a condition in which the muscles around the vagina tighten involuntarily when penetration is attempted. This makes vaginal penetration, such as during sexual intercourse, tampon insertion, or a gynecological exam, difficult or impossible. It is not primarily a sexual dysfunction, but rather a reflex response to perceived or anticipated pain or fear of pain.
A varicocele is an enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, the loose bag of skin that holds your testicles. It's similar to a varicose vein in the leg. Varicoceles are a common cause of low sperm production and decreased sperm quality, which can cause infertility. However, not all varicoceles affect sperm production. Varicoceles can also cause pain, swelling, and testicular atrophy (shrinkage of the testicles).
A vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is an abnormal opening between the urinary bladder and the vagina. This opening allows urine to leak continuously or intermittently into the vagina. This can cause significant physical and psychological distress for the affected individual.
Vulvar cancer is a rare type of cancer that occurs on the outer surface of the female genitalia (vulva). The vulva includes the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and the opening of the vagina. Most vulvar cancers are slow-growing and are often diagnosed early. Treatment typically involves surgery to remove the cancerous tissue.
Vaginal cancer is a rare type of cancer that occurs in the vagina. The vagina is a muscular canal that connects the uterus with the outside world. Vaginal cancer most commonly affects older women and is often associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. There are several types of vaginal cancer, with squamous cell carcinoma being the most common.
Viral conjunctivitis, commonly known as pinkeye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. It is usually caused by a viral infection and is highly contagious.
A ventricular aneurysm is a bulge or outpouching that forms in the wall of the left ventricle of the heart. It most commonly occurs after a heart attack (myocardial infarction) which weakens the heart muscle in a specific area. The weakened area then thins and balloons outward with each heartbeat, forming the aneurysm. This can impair the heart's ability to pump blood effectively and lead to complications.
Valerian toxicity refers to adverse effects experienced from ingesting excessive amounts of valerian root, a popular herbal supplement used for its sedative and anxiolytic properties. While generally considered safe at recommended dosages, overdoses can lead to a range of symptoms.
Varicose ulcers, also known as venous leg ulcers, are open sores that develop on the leg due to poor blood circulation in the veins. This poor circulation, typically caused by venous insufficiency, leads to increased pressure in the veins, damaging the skin and tissues. These ulcers are often chronic and slow to heal.
Vasospasm refers to the sudden constriction (narrowing) of a blood vessel, reducing blood flow. It can occur in various parts of the body, but is most commonly associated with blood vessels in the brain (cerebral vasospasm), the heart, or the fingers and toes (as in Raynaud's phenomenon). When prolonged or severe, vasospasm can lead to tissue damage or even cell death due to lack of oxygen and nutrients.
Venous thrombosis (VT) refers to the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) within a vein. It most commonly occurs in the deep veins of the legs (deep vein thrombosis or DVT) but can also occur in other veins. A major concern is that the clot can break loose and travel to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism (PE), a potentially life-threatening condition.
Sudden, severe chest pain (although pain may be minimal or absent in some cases)
Profound hypotension (very low blood pressure)
Tachycardia (rapid heart rate)
Dyspnea (shortness of breath)
Cardiac arrest
Signs of cardiac tamponade:
Jugular venous distention (swollen neck veins)
Muffled heart sounds
Pulsus paradoxus (significant drop in blood pressure during inhalation)
Pale, clammy skin
Restlessness or agitation
Viral myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle (myocardium) caused by a viral infection. This inflammation can weaken the heart, making it harder to pump blood efficiently. In severe cases, it can lead to heart failure, abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), and even sudden death. However, many cases are mild and resolve on their own.
Vitamin D deficiency occurs when your body doesn't have enough vitamin D. Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium, which is essential for strong bones. It also plays a role in nerve, muscle, and immune system function. Deficiency can lead to bone problems such as osteoporosis or rickets, as well as other health issues.
Vocal cord polyps are benign (non-cancerous) growths that develop on the vocal cords. They are often soft, fluid-filled lesions that can vary in size and shape. These polyps can interfere with vocal cord vibration, leading to voice changes. They are often associated with chronic vocal abuse or irritation.
Von Recklinghausen's disease, also known as Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1), is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the development and growth of nerve cell tissues. It causes tumors to grow along nerves throughout the body. These tumors, called neurofibromas, are usually benign but can sometimes become cancerous. NF1 can lead to a wide range of symptoms, varying significantly in severity from person to person.
Valley Fever, also known as coccidioidomycosis, is an infection caused by the fungus
Coccidioides immitis
or
Coccidioides posadasii
. These fungi live in the soil in certain areas, particularly in the southwestern United States, parts of Mexico, and Central and South America. People can get Valley Fever by breathing in fungal spores from the air. Most people who are exposed to the fungus never develop symptoms, but some will get sick. The illness can range from mild flu-like symptoms to severe pneumonia. In rare cases, the infection can spread from the lungs to other parts of the body, such as the skin, bones, brain, or other organs.
Viral arthritis is a condition characterized by joint pain and inflammation caused by a viral infection. It is often a temporary condition that resolves as the body clears the virus. Several viruses can trigger arthritis, and the symptoms can mimic other forms of arthritis, making diagnosis challenging.
Ventricular ectopy, also known as premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) or ventricular premature beats (VPBs), refers to extra heartbeats that originate in one of the ventricles (lower chambers) of the heart. These early beats disrupt the regular heart rhythm, and in some individuals, can be felt as palpitations or skipped beats. Occasional PVCs are common and often harmless, but frequent or complex PVCs can indicate an underlying heart condition and may require further evaluation and treatment.
Vibrio infections are illnesses caused by bacteria of the
Vibrio
species. These bacteria are commonly found in coastal waters and are often associated with eating raw or undercooked seafood, particularly oysters. Infections can range from mild gastrointestinal distress to severe, life-threatening conditions, including bloodstream infections and wound infections.
Valvulitis refers to the inflammation of one or more heart valves. Heart valves ensure that blood flows in the correct direction through the heart. Inflammation can damage the valve leaflets, potentially leading to valve stenosis (narrowing) or regurgitation (leaking), impairing the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently. In severe cases, it may cause heart failure or other serious complications.
Vasomotor rhinitis is a non-allergic condition causing chronic sneezing, congestion, and runny nose. Unlike allergic rhinitis, it isn't triggered by allergens. Instead, various irritants or factors trigger the nasal passages, leading to inflammation and increased mucus production. It's a diagnosis of exclusion, meaning other causes of rhinitis (like allergies or infections) must be ruled out first.
Ventriculitis is an inflammation and infection of the ventricles of the brain. These ventricles are cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which cushions the brain and spinal cord, and provides nutrients. Ventriculitis is a serious condition that can lead to significant neurological damage and is often associated with other underlying conditions, particularly those involving the central nervous system.
Venous insufficiency is a condition where the veins in the legs have difficulty sending blood back to the heart. This occurs when valves inside the veins that keep blood flowing in one direction become damaged or weakened. This allows blood to pool in the legs, leading to various symptoms and complications.
Viral laryngitis is an inflammation of the larynx (voice box) caused by a viral infection. This inflammation affects the vocal cords, leading to hoarseness or loss of voice. It is a common and usually self-limiting condition.
Vitamin B12 deficiency occurs when the body doesn't get enough or can't absorb enough vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is crucial for red blood cell formation, neurological function, and DNA synthesis. Deficiency can lead to various health problems, some of which are severe and irreversible if left untreated.
Vocal tremor is an involuntary rhythmic shaking or trembling of the voice. It can affect the pitch, loudness, or quality of the voice, making it sound shaky, wobbly, or unsteady. It is often associated with neurological conditions but can sometimes occur without an identifiable cause. The severity of vocal tremor varies from mild, barely noticeable fluctuations to severe, significantly impacting communication.
Von Willebrand Disease (VWD) with Angiodysplasia is a rare bleeding disorder characterized by a deficiency or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor (VWF), a protein that helps blood clot. The presence of angiodysplasia (small, abnormal blood vessels in the gastrointestinal tract) can exacerbate bleeding issues. This combination leads to increased susceptibility to bleeding, particularly from the gastrointestinal tract.
Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VIN) is a precancerous condition affecting the skin of the vulva. It involves abnormal changes in the cells of the vulvar skin. It is not cancer, but if left untreated, it can potentially develop into vulvar cancer over time. VIN is classified based on the degree of cellular abnormality and the depth of involvement in the skin. The two main types are differentiated VIN (dVIN) and usual VIN (uVIN), the latter being more common.
A vaginal yeast infection, also known as candidiasis, is a fungal infection that causes irritation, discharge, and intense itchiness of the vagina and the vulva — the tissues at the opening of the vagina. It's very common, and most women will experience it at least once in their lifetime. While it can be uncomfortable, vaginal yeast infections are usually easily treated with medication.
Varicella pneumonia is a serious complication of chickenpox (varicella), occurring when the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infects the lungs. It is more common in adults, particularly pregnant women, individuals with weakened immune systems, and smokers. It involves inflammation and fluid accumulation in the lungs, impairing breathing.
Vesicourethral anastomotic stenosis (VUAS) refers to a narrowing or stricture at the point where the bladder (vesico-) is surgically connected to the urethra after a radical prostatectomy (removal of the prostate gland, usually for prostate cancer) or, less commonly, other pelvic surgeries. This narrowing obstructs the flow of urine from the bladder.
Viral pharyngitis, commonly known as a sore throat, is an inflammation of the pharynx (the back of the throat) caused by a viral infection. It's a very common ailment, especially among children and during the colder months. Symptoms can range from mild to severe, and it usually resolves on its own within a week to ten days. It is generally less severe than streptococcal pharyngitis ("strep throat"), which is caused by bacteria.
Ventricular Septal Rupture (VSR) is a tear or hole in the wall (septum) separating the left and right ventricles of the heart. It is a serious complication that most commonly occurs after a heart attack (myocardial infarction), but can also be caused by trauma or rarely, be congenital. The rupture allows blood to flow abnormally from the high-pressure left ventricle to the lower-pressure right ventricle, leading to increased pulmonary blood flow and potentially heart failure. It is a life-threatening condition that typically requires urgent medical or surgical intervention.
Valvular stenosis is a condition where a heart valve doesn't open fully. This narrowing restricts blood flow through the valve. The heart has to work harder to pump blood, leading to fatigue, shortness of breath, and other complications. It can affect any of the four heart valves: aortic, mitral, tricuspid, or pulmonic, with aortic and mitral stenosis being the most common. Severity ranges from mild, with no noticeable symptoms, to severe, causing significant heart strain and potentially heart failure.
Vaginal atrophy, also known as atrophic vaginitis, is the thinning, drying, and inflammation of the vaginal walls that can occur when your body has less estrogen. It most commonly occurs after menopause, but can also result from other conditions that affect estrogen levels.
Viral exanthems are widespread skin rashes caused by viral infections. They are most common in children but can affect people of all ages. The rashes often accompany other symptoms like fever, fatigue, and respiratory issues. Many common childhood illnesses, such as measles, rubella, chickenpox, and fifth disease, present with viral exanthems. The severity and specific appearance of the rash can vary depending on the virus causing the infection.
Ventricular arrhythmia refers to an irregular heartbeat originating in the ventricles (lower chambers) of the heart. These arrhythmias can range from relatively harmless to life-threatening. They occur when the electrical signals that control the heart's rhythm malfunction, causing the ventricles to beat too fast, too slow, or erratically. The severity and impact of ventricular arrhythmia depend on the type of arrhythmia, its duration, and the overall health of the individual.
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) occurs when the body does not have enough vitamin A. Vitamin A is essential for vision, immune function, reproduction, and cell growth. VAD can lead to impaired vision, increased susceptibility to infections, and other health problems, especially in children. It is a significant public health issue in many developing countries.
Vocal Cord Dysfunction (VCD), also known as paradoxical vocal fold movement (PVFM), is a condition where the vocal cords close or narrow when you breathe in or out, even when there's no physical blockage. This abnormal movement obstructs airflow, leading to breathing difficulties, and mimicking asthma or other respiratory issues. It's not an anatomical problem with the vocal cords themselves, but rather a malfunction in their movement.
Bleeding between periods (spotting or heavier flow)
Heavier than usual menstrual bleeding
Longer than usual menstrual bleeding
Bleeding after menopause
Bleeding after sexual intercourse
Pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis
Vaginal discharge with or without odor
Dizziness or lightheadedness (if blood loss is significant)
Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder. It's caused by a deficiency or defect in von Willebrand factor (VWF), a protein that helps blood clot. This can lead to prolonged or excessive bleeding, as VWF plays a crucial role in platelet adhesion to blood vessel walls at the site of injury and also carries clotting factor VIII. The severity of VWD varies significantly among individuals.
Vestibular neuritis is an inflammation of the vestibular nerve, which is located in the inner ear and transmits information about balance to the brain. This inflammation disrupts the nerve's ability to properly send signals, leading to sudden onset of vertigo (a sensation of spinning), nausea, and imbalance. Unlike labyrinthitis, which also involves the inner ear, vestibular neuritis typically does
not
affect hearing.
Viral rashes are skin eruptions that occur as a result of a viral infection. They can manifest in various forms, including small, flat red spots (macules), raised bumps (papules), or fluid-filled blisters. Viral rashes often accompany other symptoms of viral illnesses, such as fever, fatigue, and body aches. They are common, particularly in children, and usually resolve on their own.
Ventricular remodeling refers to changes in the size, shape, and function of the ventricles (the heart's main pumping chambers) in response to various stressors or conditions. It can involve dilation (enlargement), hypertrophy (thickening of the heart muscle), or alterations in the ventricle's geometry. While remodeling can initially be a compensatory mechanism to maintain cardiac output, it often leads to progressive heart failure and increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events. It is not a disease in itself, but a process that occurs as a result of other underlying conditions.
Valgus deformity, in general, refers to an abnormal angulation of a bone or joint, causing the distal part to deviate outward (away from the midline of the body). Common examples include:
Hallux Valgus (Bunion): A deformity of the big toe where it angles towards the other toes.
Genu Valgum (Knock-Knees): A condition where the knees angle in and touch when the ankles are apart.
The specific implications, symptoms, and treatments depend on the affected joint.
The Varicella vaccine, like all vaccines, can cause adverse reactions. These reactions are generally mild and much less severe than the illness the vaccine prevents (chickenpox). Serious adverse reactions are very rare. The vaccine contains a weakened (attenuated) live varicella-zoster virus.
Change in color (e.g., yellow, green, gray)
Change in consistency (e.g., thick, frothy, cottage cheese-like)
Unpleasant odor (e.g., fishy)
Increased amount of discharge
Itching or burning in the vagina
Pain during urination
Pain during sexual intercourse
Vaginal bleeding or spotting unrelated to menstruation
A viral upper respiratory infection (URI), often called the common cold, is an infection of the nose and throat (upper respiratory tract) caused by a virus. It's a highly contagious illness that can cause a variety of symptoms, including a runny nose, sore throat, and cough. While generally mild and self-limiting, URIs can sometimes lead to secondary bacterial infections.
Symptoms vary depending on the specific complication and its severity, but common signs include:
Shortness of breath
Fatigue
Swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet (edema)
Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia)
Chest pain
Fever (if infection is present)
New or worsening heart murmur
Poor feeding or weight gain in infants
Vitamin C deficiency, also known as scurvy, is a condition caused by a lack of sufficient vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in the diet. Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis, wound healing, immune function, and acts as an antioxidant. Prolonged deficiency can lead to various health problems.
Valvular regurgitation, also known as valvular insufficiency or leakage, occurs when one or more of the heart's valves doesn't close properly. This allows blood to flow backward into the chamber it just left, rather than flowing forward through the heart or into the arteries. The severity can range from mild to severe, impacting the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently. Over time, severe regurgitation can lead to heart failure.
Vocal fatigue is a condition characterized by a perceived increase in effort required to speak and a decline in vocal performance after prolonged or intense voice use. It results from overuse, misuse, or underlying medical conditions impacting the vocal cords and surrounding muscles. It's not a disease in itself, but rather a symptom of vocal strain or underlying issues.
A volar plate injury is a sprain or tear of the volar plate, a thick ligament on the palm side of your finger joints (most commonly the PIP joint, or middle joint of the finger). This ligament prevents hyperextension (bending backwards too far) of the finger joint. Damage to the volar plate can cause pain, swelling, and instability in the joint.
Vulvar vestibulitis (VV), also known as provoked vestibulodynia (PVD), is a chronic pain condition that affects the vulvar vestibule, the area surrounding the opening of the vagina. It's characterized by pain with touch or pressure, such as during tampon insertion, gynecological exams, or sexual activity. The pain can range from mild discomfort to severe burning, stinging, or throbbing. It is
not
an infection, sexually transmitted or otherwise, and it's considered a form of chronic localized vulvodynia.
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection caused by an imbalance of bacteria in the vagina. Normally, "good" bacteria (lactobacilli) are more numerous than "bad" bacteria. In BV, the balance is disrupted, and there's an overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria. It is not considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI), but it's associated with sexual activity.
1. Summary about disease: Variola, commonly known as smallpox, is a contagious disease caused by the variola virus. It's characterized by a distinctive skin rash with fluid-filled blisters (pustules) all over the body. Smallpox was eradicated globally in 1980, thanks to a successful vaccination campaign. However, samples of the virus are still maintained in secure laboratories for research purposes. The disease was historically devastating, with a high mortality rate and significant scarring in survivors.
Vesicant exposure refers to skin and tissue damage caused by contact with blistering agents, also known as vesicants or blister agents. These chemicals cause severe burns, blisters, and inflammation upon contact. Common vesicants include sulfur mustard, nitrogen mustard, lewisite, and phosgene oxime. The severity of the exposure depends on the type of agent, concentration, duration of contact, and individual susceptibility. Vesicant exposure can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.
Viral fever is a general term that refers to a fever caused by a viral infection. It's not a specific disease itself, but rather a symptom indicating the presence of a virus in the body. Many different viruses can cause a fever, and the accompanying symptoms can vary depending on the specific virus involved. Viral fevers are typically self-limiting, meaning they resolve on their own within a certain period.
Ventricular dilation refers to the enlargement of the ventricles in the brain. The ventricles are fluid-filled spaces that contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which cushions the brain and spinal cord, removes waste products, and helps maintain proper pressure. While some dilation may be normal with aging, significant or progressive enlargement can indicate an underlying issue. Ventricular dilation itself is not a disease, but rather a sign of an underlying condition.
1. Summary about disease Valvular prolapse, most commonly mitral valve prolapse (MVP), is a condition in which one or both of the mitral valve leaflets bulge (prolapse) back into the left atrium during the heart's contraction (systole). This can sometimes allow a small amount of blood to leak backward into the atrium, a condition called mitral regurgitation. While many people with MVP have no symptoms and live normal lives, others can experience a range of symptoms. MVP is usually benign, but in some cases, it can lead to complications requiring treatment.
Vitamin E deficiency is a condition that occurs when the body doesn't get enough vitamin E. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble nutrient that acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals. Severe deficiency is rare in humans, typically occurring in individuals with conditions that impair fat absorption or have genetic disorders affecting vitamin E transport.
Vocal cord hemorrhage is a condition where blood vessels within the vocal cords rupture and bleed into the vocal cord tissue. This can lead to sudden voice changes and is often related to vocal strain or trauma. It's not an infection, but rather a physical injury to the vocal cords.
A volar wrist ganglion is a fluid-filled cyst that develops on the palmar (volar) side of the wrist. It's a non-cancerous, typically benign lump that arises from the joint capsule or tendon sheath. The fluid within the cyst is similar to synovial fluid, which lubricates joints and tendons. Volar wrist ganglions are often cosmetically unappealing and can sometimes cause pain or restrict wrist movement.
Vulvar pruritus is characterized by persistent itching of the vulva, the external female genitalia. It is a common symptom with a wide range of potential causes, varying from infections and skin conditions to irritation from chemicals and, less commonly, underlying systemic diseases. The itching can be mild to severe and significantly impact a woman's quality of life, leading to discomfort, sleep disturbances, and psychological distress.
Vagotomy syndrome, also known as postvagotomy syndrome or dumping syndrome, is a group of symptoms that can occur after a vagotomy. A vagotomy is a surgical procedure in which the vagus nerve is cut to reduce acid secretion in the stomach, usually to treat peptic ulcers. The syndrome is characterized by rapid gastric emptying and subsequent disturbances in digestion and absorption.
Vascular malformations are congenital (present at birth) abnormalities of blood vessels or lymphatic vessels. They are not tumors, but rather tangles or abnormal connections of vessels. These malformations can occur anywhere in the body, but are most common in the skin, brain, and other organs. They can vary widely in size and severity, from small, asymptomatic lesions to large, disfiguring, and potentially life-threatening conditions. There are several types of vascular malformations, classified based on the type of vessel involved (arteries, veins, capillaries, lymphatic vessels, or combinations thereof).
Vestibular schwannoma, also known as acoustic neuroma, is a benign (non-cancerous) tumor that develops on the vestibulocochlear nerve (8th cranial nerve). This nerve leads from the inner ear to the brain and is responsible for hearing and balance. As the tumor grows, it can press on the nerve, causing hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ear), dizziness, and balance problems. It can also affect nearby structures as it enlarges.
Viral pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium, the sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. It is most commonly caused by viral infections. The inflammation can cause chest pain and other symptoms. In many cases, viral pericarditis resolves on its own or with supportive care. However, complications can occur, requiring further treatment.
Symptoms vary depending on the specific complication but can include:
Infection: Fever, chills, redness or drainage at the driveline site (where the power cable exits the body), increased white blood cell count, fatigue.
Thrombosis (Blood Clots): Stroke-like symptoms (weakness, speech difficulties, vision changes), leg pain or swelling (if clot in the leg), device malfunction alarms.
Bleeding: Nosebleeds, bleeding gums, blood in the urine or stool, excessive bruising, dizziness, weakness.
Arrhythmias (Irregular Heartbeats): Palpitations, dizziness, fainting.
Device Malfunction: Changes in pump speed or flow, unusual noises from the device, alarms indicating device failure.
Right Heart Failure: Swelling in the legs and ankles, shortness of breath, abdominal distention.
Driveline Issues: Pain, redness, swelling, or discharge at the driveline exit site.
Shortness of breath, especially with exertion or lying flat
Chest pain or discomfort
Fatigue and weakness
Swelling in the ankles, legs, or abdomen
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Heart palpitations (irregular heartbeats)
Fever and chills (suggesting infection)
Unexplained bleeding or bruising (related to anticoagulation)
Sudden weight gain
: Vitamin K deficiency occurs when the body doesn't have enough vitamin K. Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting and bone health. In severe cases, it can lead to excessive bleeding. Vitamin K deficiencies are rare in adults but more common in newborns.
Vocal cord paralysis occurs when one or both of the vocal cords (vocal folds) don't open or close properly. This can disrupt speaking, breathing, and swallowing. It happens due to nerve damage affecting the larynx (voice box). The severity of symptoms varies depending on whether one or both cords are affected and the underlying cause. Treatment aims to improve voice, breathing, and swallowing functions.
Volar wrist pain refers to pain felt on the palm-side (volar) of the wrist. It is a broad term encompassing various conditions that can affect the tendons, nerves, bones, and ligaments in the wrist. The pain can range from mild discomfort to severe, debilitating pain, and may be acute (sudden onset) or chronic (long-lasting). Common causes include carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis, sprains, and arthritis.
Vulvovaginal candidiasis, commonly known as a yeast infection, is a fungal infection of the vulva and vagina caused by an overgrowth of Candida species, most commonly Candida albicans. It is a very common condition, affecting most women at some point in their lives. While often uncomfortable, it is usually not serious and can be treated effectively with antifungal medication.
Pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site
Fever (usually low-grade)
Mild rash (chickenpox vaccine only; very rare with shingles vaccine)
Headache
Fatigue
Muscle aches
Vaginal prolapse occurs when the pelvic floor muscles and ligaments weaken, causing the vagina to drop from its normal position. It can involve other pelvic organs, such as the bladder, rectum, or uterus, protruding into the vaginal canal or even outside the vaginal opening. The severity can range from mild to severe, significantly impacting a woman's quality of life.
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) nephropathy is a kidney disease resulting from vesicoureteral reflux, a condition where urine flows backward from the bladder into the ureters and sometimes the kidneys. This abnormal flow can cause kidney infections (pyelonephritis) and, over time, lead to scarring of the kidneys (reflux nephropathy). Reflux nephropathy can impair kidney function and potentially lead to kidney failure. It is often diagnosed in childhood.
Viral-induced asthma, also sometimes called virus-triggered asthma exacerbation, describes the onset of asthma symptoms or a worsening of existing asthma symptoms that are triggered by a viral respiratory infection, such as the common cold (rhinovirus), influenza (flu), or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). These infections irritate and inflame the airways, leading to constriction and increased mucus production, characteristic of asthma. While not a distinct type of asthma, it's a common trigger for asthma exacerbations, particularly in children.
Symptoms will vary depending on the specific complication but can include:
Chest pain
Shortness of breath
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Fever
Swelling or redness at the incision site
Bleeding from the incision site
Rapid or irregular heartbeat
New or worsening heart failure symptoms (e.g., swelling in the legs, fatigue)
Neurological symptoms (e.g., weakness, numbness, speech difficulties, if stroke occurs)
Valvular dysfunction refers to any condition where one or more of the heart valves don't work properly. These valves – the aortic, mitral, tricuspid, and pulmonary valves – control the flow of blood in and out of the heart chambers. Valve dysfunction can manifest as stenosis (narrowing of the valve, restricting blood flow) or regurgitation/insufficiency (leaking of blood backward through the valve). Severity ranges from mild, often unnoticed, to severe, causing significant heart problems and potential complications.
Vitamin B1 deficiency, also known as thiamine deficiency, occurs when the body doesn't get enough thiamine (vitamin B1). Thiamine is essential for glucose metabolism, nerve function, and muscle function. Severe deficiency can lead to serious conditions like Beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
Hoarseness
Breathiness
Rough or raspy voice quality
Vocal fatigue (voice tiring easily)
Reduced vocal range
Difficulty projecting the voice
Pain or discomfort in the throat when speaking
Globus sensation (feeling of a lump in the throat)
Voice breaks
Volar Intercalated Segment Instability (VISI) is a type of carpal instability in the wrist. It occurs when the scaphoid and lunate bones lose their normal alignment, causing the lunate bone to tilt volarly (towards the palm). This instability can lead to pain, weakness, and limited range of motion in the wrist.
Common symptoms of vulvar skin conditions include:
Itching (pruritus)
Burning
Pain
Redness
Swelling
Sores or ulcers
Thickened skin
White patches
Changes in skin color
Lumps or bumps
Painful intercourse
Vaginal stenosis refers to the narrowing or shortening of the vaginal canal. This narrowing can range from mild to severe, and it can cause discomfort, pain, or difficulty with sexual intercourse, gynecological examinations, or using tampons. In severe cases, it can obstruct menstrual flow.
Variegate Erythema is not a recognized or established medical term for a specific disease. It's possible that "variegate erythema" might be used descriptively to refer to erythema (redness of the skin) that has a varied or changing appearance. Erythema, in general, can be caused by a multitude of conditions, from infections to allergic reactions. Because the term is not specific, its meaning would depend heavily on the context in which it is used.
Vestibulodynia is chronic pain in the vulvar vestibule, the area surrounding the opening of the vagina. It is a type of vulvodynia (chronic vulvar pain) specifically localized to the vestibule. Pain can be triggered by touch, pressure, or even movement, making activities like intercourse, tampon insertion, or even prolonged sitting uncomfortable or painful. It's a complex condition with likely multiple contributing factors, and its cause isn't fully understood.
Symptoms of complications following VSD repair can vary widely, depending on the specific issue. Some potential symptoms include:
Fever: Indicative of infection.
Chest pain: May suggest pericarditis, residual VSD or other cardiac issue.
Shortness of breath: Could be due to heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, or residual VSD.
Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia): Palpitations, dizziness, or fainting.
Fatigue or weakness: Indicative of heart failure or other complications.
Poor feeding/failure to thrive (in infants): Suggests heart failure.
Swelling in the legs, ankles, or abdomen (edema): Suggests heart failure.
New or worsening heart murmur: May suggest a residual VSD or valve issue.
Bleeding: Excessive bleeding from the incision site or internally.
Neurological symptoms: Stroke or neurological damage if air embolism occurs.
Symptoms of valvular heart surgery complications vary greatly depending on the specific complication. Some possible symptoms include:
Chest pain: This could indicate problems like myocardial infarction or pericarditis.
Shortness of breath: May indicate heart failure, valve dysfunction, or pulmonary embolism.
Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia): Can include atrial fibrillation, heart block, or other rhythm disturbances.
Swelling (edema) in legs, ankles, or abdomen: Suggestive of heart failure.
Fever and chills: May indicate infection (endocarditis or wound infection).
Excessive bleeding: Could be from the surgical site or internally.
Dizziness or lightheadedness: Possibly due to low blood pressure, arrhythmia, or stroke.
Neurological deficits (weakness, speech difficulties): May suggest stroke.
Wound problems (redness, drainage): Suggests wound infection.
Fatigue: Common but may be more pronounced if heart failure or anemia develops.
Vitamin B6 deficiency, also known as pyridoxine deficiency, occurs when the body doesn't get enough vitamin B6. This essential nutrient plays a crucial role in many bodily functions, including protein metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and immune function. Severe deficiency is relatively rare due to the vitamin's presence in a wide range of foods. However, certain medical conditions, medications, and lifestyle factors can increase the risk.
Viral pneumonia is an infection of the lungs caused by a virus. It inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid. This inflammation makes it difficult to breathe and reduces oxygen uptake into the bloodstream. Viral pneumonia can range in severity from mild to life-threatening.
Vocal cord weakness (also known as vocal cord paresis or paralysis) occurs when one or both vocal cords don't move or close properly. This affects your ability to speak, breathe, and swallow. The severity can range from mild hoarseness to life-threatening breathing difficulties. The condition results from nerve damage that controls the vocal cords.
Volar lunate dislocation is a wrist injury where the lunate bone, one of the eight carpal bones in the wrist, is displaced forward (volarly) out of its normal articulation with the radius and capitate. This is a serious injury that can compromise wrist function and lead to chronic pain and arthritis if not treated promptly and effectively. The injury is often associated with disruption of various ligaments in the wrist.
Vulvovaginal pain, also known as vulvodynia, is chronic pain in the vulva (the external female genitals) that lasts for at least three months. It's not an infection, and the cause is often unknown. It can significantly impact a woman's quality of life, affecting sexual activity, relationships, and overall well-being. Different types exist, including localized provoked vulvodynia (pain with touch, like during intercourse) and generalized vulvodynia (pain in multiple areas, sometimes without any trigger).
Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina that can result in discharge, itching, and pain. It's a common condition that can be caused by infection, changes in vaginal bacteria, or reduced estrogen levels after menopause. Several types of vaginitis exist, each with different causes and requiring different treatment approaches.
Fever
Frequent urination
Painful urination (dysuria)
Abdominal pain
Back pain
Blood in the urine (hematuria)
Bedwetting (in children who are toilet trained)
Varicella Zoster Ophthalmicus (VZO) is a reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes chickenpox. After a person has chickenpox, the virus lies dormant in nerve cells. VZO occurs when the virus reactivates in the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve, which supplies sensation to the forehead, upper eyelid, and nose, and can affect the eye itself. It's characterized by a painful, blistering rash along the distribution of this nerve and can lead to serious complications affecting vision.
Viral myositis is a muscle inflammation caused by a viral infection. It typically affects the skeletal muscles, particularly in the legs (especially the calf muscles) and sometimes the arms. While it can cause pain and weakness, it's usually a self-limiting condition, meaning it resolves on its own. It's more common in children than adults.
Drug-induced ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a rapid, life-threatening heart rhythm originating from the ventricles (lower chambers of the heart) that is triggered by certain medications. Normally, the heart beats in a coordinated manner, but VT involves rapid, abnormal electrical signals that can lead to inadequate blood flow to the body. Drug-induced VT is a serious adverse effect that requires immediate medical attention.
Valvular heart disease occurs when one or more of the heart's four valves (aortic, mitral, tricuspid, and pulmonary) don't work properly. These valves ensure blood flows in the correct direction through the heart and to the rest of the body. Problems can include stenosis (narrowing) where the valve doesn't open fully, regurgitation (leakage) where the valve doesn't close tightly, or prolapse (where the valve leaflets bulge backwards). This can lead to the heart working harder to pump blood, potentially causing heart failure or other complications.
Vitamin B2 deficiency, also known as ariboflavinosis, is a condition resulting from inadequate intake or absorption of riboflavin (vitamin B2). Riboflavin is essential for numerous bodily processes, including energy production, cellular function, and the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Deficiency can affect various tissues, particularly those with high rates of cell turnover.
Vocal cord spasm (laryngospasm) is a sudden, involuntary contraction of the vocal cord muscles. This can cause difficulty breathing, speaking, or swallowing. The spasms can be brief and mild, or prolonged and severe, potentially leading to a complete blockage of the airway. It is often triggered by irritants, anxiety, or underlying medical conditions.
A Volar Radiocarpal Ligament Injury involves damage to one or more of the ligaments on the palm-side (volar side) of the wrist connecting the radius (forearm bone) to the carpal bones (wrist bones). These ligaments are crucial for wrist stability, particularly during movements like bending the wrist forward (flexion) and rotating the wrist. Injuries can range from mild sprains (stretching of the ligament) to complete tears.
Vulvodynia is chronic pain in the vulva (the external female genitalia) without an identifiable cause. The pain can be constant or intermittent, provoked (e.g., by touch or pressure) or unprovoked, and may be localized or widespread. It is not an infection or disease.
Vaginal dryness refers to a condition where the vaginal tissues lack sufficient moisture. This can lead to discomfort, itching, burning, and pain, particularly during sexual activity. It's a common issue, especially during and after menopause, but can occur at any age. While not a disease itself, it's a symptom of an underlying issue causing reduced vaginal lubrication.
Varicella Zoster Meningitis (VZM) is a rare complication of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection. VZV is the virus that causes chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (herpes zoster). Meningitis refers to inflammation of the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. In VZM, VZV infects the meninges, leading to inflammation and neurological symptoms. It can occur during or after a chickenpox or shingles outbreak, or even without a visible rash (zoster sine herpete).
1. Summary about disease: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a condition in which urine flows backward from the bladder into one or both ureters and sometimes to the kidneys. Normally, urine flows only one way, from the kidneys through the ureters to the bladder. VUR is most often diagnosed in infants and children. Severe VUR can lead to kidney infections (pyelonephritis) and kidney damage, potentially leading to scarring and, in rare cases, kidney failure.
Viral hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver caused by a viral infection. There are several types of viral hepatitis, the most common being hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. Each type is caused by a different virus and can range in severity from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a serious, lifelong condition. Viral hepatitis can lead to liver damage, cirrhosis, liver cancer, and even death.
Ventricular Tachycardia Polymorphic (VTach Polymorphic) is a life-threatening heart rhythm disturbance characterized by a rapid and irregular heartbeat originating in the ventricles (lower chambers of the heart). Unlike other forms of VTach, the QRS complexes (a specific pattern on an electrocardiogram (ECG) that represents ventricular depolarization) vary in shape and amplitude, appearing to twist around a baseline. This erratic rhythm can lead to a severely reduced cardiac output, potentially causing dizziness, fainting, cardiac arrest, and sudden death. VTach Polymorphic often occurs in the setting of underlying heart conditions or electrolyte imbalances, particularly low potassium or magnesium.
Shortness of breath, especially during exertion or when lying down
Fatigue and weakness
Chest pain or discomfort (angina)
Dizziness or fainting (syncope)
Swelling in the ankles, feet, or abdomen (edema)
Heart murmur (an abnormal sound heard through a stethoscope)
Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia)
Palpitations
Cough
A vocal cord cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops on one or both of the vocal cords. These cysts can vary in size and location. They are benign (non-cancerous) growths that can interfere with vocal cord vibration, leading to voice changes. The severity of voice impact depends on the cyst's size and location.
Volkmann's ischemic contracture (VIC) is a devastating condition that results from ischemia (lack of blood supply) and subsequent necrosis (tissue death) of forearm muscles. This leads to fibrosis (scarring) and shortening of the muscles, resulting in a characteristic claw-like deformity of the hand and wrist. It's a permanent condition that can severely limit hand function.
Vitamin B3 deficiency, also known as niacin deficiency or pellagra, is a condition caused by a lack of niacin (vitamin B3) in the diet or the body's inability to absorb or utilize it properly. Niacin is essential for many bodily functions, including energy metabolism, DNA repair, and cell signaling. Severe deficiency leads to pellagra, characterized by the "three Ds": dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia.
Vaginocandidiasis, commonly known as a yeast infection, is a fungal infection that causes irritation, discharge, and intense itching of the vagina and the vulva — the tissues at the opening of the vagina. It's a very common condition, affecting most women at some point in their lives. While uncomfortable, it's usually treatable.
Vulvar dystrophy is an outdated and imprecise term that was previously used to describe several noncancerous conditions affecting the vulva (the external female genitalia). The term is no longer medically accurate. The more appropriate and current terms are:
Lichen Sclerosus: A chronic inflammatory skin condition that can cause thin, white patches on the vulva and can lead to itching, pain, and scarring.
Lichen Planus: An inflammatory condition that can affect the skin and mucous membranes, including the vulva. It can cause painful sores, itching, and changes in skin appearance.
Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VIN): Precancerous changes in the cells of the vulva. It is not a form of vulvar dystrophy, but is related to atypical cell growth
Varicella Zoster Oticus, also known as Ramsay Hunt Syndrome (RHS), is a rare neurological disorder characterized by a painful shingles rash affecting the ear, facial paralysis, and hearing loss. It is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes chickenpox and shingles. The reactivation affects the facial nerve near the inner ear. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to minimize long-term complications.
In infants, symptoms can be vague and may include:
Unexplained fever
Poor feeding
Irritability
Failure to thrive
Viral myelitis is an inflammation of the spinal cord caused by a viral infection. This inflammation can damage or destroy the myelin, the protective covering around nerve fibers, disrupting communication between the brain and the rest of the body. This disruption can lead to a variety of neurological symptoms. The severity of symptoms can vary significantly depending on the extent and location of the inflammation within the spinal cord.
Ventricular Tachycardia (V-tach) is a rapid heart rhythm originating in the ventricles (lower chambers of the heart). It's defined as a heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute with at least three irregular heartbeats in a row. It can be a life-threatening arrhythmia because it can prevent the heart from pumping enough blood to the body and can degenerate into Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib), which leads to Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA). Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA) is the abrupt loss of heart function, breathing, and consciousness. It's most often caused by an electrical disturbance in the heart that disrupts its pumping action, stopping blood flow to the body. SCA leads to death if not treated within minutes. V-tach is a major risk factor for SCA.
Shortness of breath, especially during exertion or when lying flat
Fatigue and weakness
Chest pain or discomfort (angina)
Dizziness or lightheadedness, sometimes fainting
Swelling in the ankles, feet, or abdomen (edema)
Heart palpitations (a rapid, fluttering, or pounding heartbeat)
Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia)
Heart murmur (an abnormal sound heard through a stethoscope)
Vitamin overdose, also known as hypervitaminosis or vitamin toxicity, occurs when excessive amounts of vitamins accumulate in the body. While vitamins are essential for health, taking more than the recommended daily allowance (RDA) can lead to adverse effects. Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) are more likely to cause toxicity because they can be stored in the body, whereas water-soluble vitamins (B vitamins and vitamin C) are usually excreted through urine, though large doses can still be harmful.
Vocal cord granulomas are benign (non-cancerous) growths that typically develop on the vocal cords, most commonly at the back (posterior larynx) of the vocal folds. They are characterized by inflamed tissue and are often a reaction to local irritation or injury. While not life-threatening, they can significantly impact voice quality and cause discomfort.
Volumetric Muscle Loss (VML) is a debilitating condition characterized by the traumatic loss of a significant amount of skeletal muscle tissue. Unlike muscle strains or minor injuries that can heal naturally, VML involves the permanent loss of muscle fibers, leading to functional deficits, pain, and long-term disability. Because muscle doesn't regenerate well, significant loss can have life long effects.
Vulvar lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that primarily affects the vulva in women, but can also occur in men and children, affecting the skin around the genitals and anus. It causes thin, white patches of skin. These patches can be itchy, painful, and may cause scarring. Over time, LS can alter the normal architecture of the vulva, leading to difficulties with urination, sexual intercourse, and an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma in affected areas. It is not contagious.
1. Summary about disease: Vaginal reconstruction, also known as vaginoplasty, is a surgical procedure to create or reconstruct the vagina. This may be necessary due to congenital conditions (present at birth), gender affirmation surgery, trauma, or cancer treatment. The procedure aims to create a functional and aesthetically acceptable vagina, allowing for sexual intercourse and/or improved quality of life. There are several surgical techniques that can be used, depending on the reason for the reconstruction and the patient's individual anatomy.
Shingles (herpes zoster) is a painful skin rash caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes chickenpox. After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus can remain inactive in the body's nerve tissue for years. Shingles occurs when the virus reactivates. It typically presents as a single stripe of blisters that wrap around one side of the body. It is much less contagious than chickenpox.
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a condition in which urine flows backward from the bladder into one or both ureters and sometimes to the kidneys. Normally, urine flows in one direction only, from the kidneys through the ureters to the bladder. VUR can increase the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and, if severe, can lead to kidney damage (reflux nephropathy).
Viral neuropathy refers to nerve damage caused by a viral infection. Viruses can directly invade and damage nerve cells, or they can trigger an immune response that indirectly harms the nerves. The resulting nerve damage can lead to a variety of sensory, motor, and autonomic symptoms, affecting different parts of the body depending on which nerves are involved.
Ventricular tachycardia (V-tach) is a rapid heart rhythm that originates in the ventricles (lower chambers) of the heart. It's defined as a heart rate of greater than 100 beats per minute with at least three consecutive heartbeats arising from the ventricles. V-tach can be dangerous because it can prevent the heart from effectively pumping blood to the body and can potentially degenerate into ventricular fibrillation, a life-threatening arrhythmia.
Valvular heart disease (VHD) occurs when one or more of the heart's four valves don't work properly. These valves (aortic, mitral, tricuspid, and pulmonary) have flaps that open and close, directing blood flow through the heart. VHD can involve stenosis (narrowing of the valve, restricting blood flow) or regurgitation (leakage of blood backward through the valve). VHD can range from mild to severe, and severe VHD can lead to serious complications if left untreated.
Vitamin A toxicity: Nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, blurred vision, bone pain, hair loss, skin changes, liver damage, birth defects (if occurring during pregnancy).
Vitamin D toxicity: Nausea, vomiting, weakness, frequent urination, bone pain, kidney problems, calcium deposits in soft tissues, confusion, heart rhythm abnormalities.
Vitamin E toxicity: Increased risk of bleeding, muscle weakness, fatigue, nausea.
Vitamin K toxicity: Primarily seen in infants, leading to jaundice and breakdown of red blood cells.
Vitamin B6 toxicity: Nerve damage (neuropathy) causing numbness and tingling in the hands and feet, impaired coordination.
Vitamin C toxicity: Diarrhea, nausea, abdominal cramps, kidney stones (in susceptible individuals).
Vocal cord sulcus is a structural abnormality of the vocal cord, characterized by a groove or furrow (sulcus) that runs along the length of the vocal fold. This groove affects the vibratory function of the vocal cord, leading to voice problems. It can be unilateral (affecting one vocal cord) or bilateral (affecting both vocal cords). There are two main types: sulcus vergetures (a shallow groove) and sulcus vocalis (a deeper, more defined groove). This condition can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired.
Volvulus neonatorum is a life-threatening condition in newborns where the intestine twists on itself, causing bowel obstruction and potential loss of blood supply to the affected bowel. This is typically due to malrotation, a congenital abnormality where the intestines don't rotate properly during fetal development. It's a surgical emergency.
Vulvar Paget's disease is a rare type of intraepithelial (within the skin) adenocarcinoma, meaning it's a slow-growing cancer arising from glandular cells in the skin of the vulva. It often presents as a chronic, itchy, and sometimes painful skin condition. While it can be localized to the vulva, it sometimes indicates an underlying invasive vulvar cancer or, rarely, another internal malignancy.
A vaginal septum is a rare congenital condition where a wall of tissue divides the vagina. This septum can be longitudinal (running the length of the vagina) or transverse (crossing the width of the vagina). The size and location of the septum can vary significantly. Some women may not even know they have one, while others experience a range of symptoms depending on the type and extent of the septum.
: Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) causes two distinct diseases: chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (herpes zoster). Chickenpox is a highly contagious, acute illness characterized by a widespread, itchy, blister-like rash. After the chickenpox infection resolves, the virus remains dormant in nerve cells. Shingles is a reactivation of this dormant virus, causing a painful, localized rash, typically on one side of the body.
Fever
Frequent urination
Pain or burning during urination
Urgent need to urinate
Cloudy or bloody urine
Abdominal, flank (side), or back pain
Poor appetite (especially in infants)
Irritability (especially in infants)
Lethargy (especially in infants)
Bedwetting (in children who are already toilet trained)
Viral pancarditis refers to inflammation affecting all three layers of the heart: the pericardium (outer lining), the myocardium (heart muscle), and the endocardium (inner lining). It's primarily caused by viral infections and can lead to a range of cardiac dysfunction, potentially resulting in heart failure, arrhythmias, or sudden cardiac death in severe cases. The disease can be acute or chronic.
1. Summary About Disease Valvular heart disease occurs when one or more of the heart's four valves (aortic, mitral, tricuspid, and pulmonary) don't work properly. These valves regulate blood flow through the heart and into the body. Problems can include stenosis (narrowing) where a valve doesn't open fully, or regurgitation (leakage) where a valve doesn't close tightly. These problems can strain the heart, leading to heart failure or other complications.
1. Summary about disease: Ventricular tachycardia (V-tach) is a rapid heart rhythm that starts in the ventricles (lower chambers) of the heart. It is defined as three or more consecutive heartbeats originating from the ventricles, occurring at a rate of more than 100 beats per minute. V-tach can be a life-threatening arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat) because the rapid heart rate can prevent the heart from filling properly with blood, reducing blood flow to the brain and other organs. In some cases, it can degenerate into ventricular fibrillation, which is a chaotic and fatal heart rhythm.
Vitreous hemorrhage (VH) is the extravasation and leakage of blood into the vitreous humor, the clear, gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina in the eye. This bleeding can obstruct vision, ranging from mild floaters to complete loss of sight, depending on the severity and location of the hemorrhage. It is not a disease itself but rather a complication of other underlying conditions.
Vocal cord polyps are benign (non-cancerous) growths that develop on the vocal cords, often due to vocal abuse or chronic irritation. They are soft, blister-like lesions that can interfere with vocal cord vibration, leading to changes in voice quality. Unlike vocal cord nodules (calluses), polyps are typically unilateral (occurring on one vocal cord).
Vomiting is the forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose. It's a common symptom of many conditions, ranging from mild illnesses to more serious problems. It is a reflex action triggered by the brain in response to various stimuli, often acting as a protective mechanism to rid the body of harmful substances.
Ventricular fibrillation (VF) storm, also known as electrical storm, is a life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia characterized by the occurrence of frequent episodes of ventricular fibrillation within a short period. It involves rapid, chaotic electrical activity in the ventricles of the heart, preventing them from pumping blood effectively. This leads to a sudden loss of consciousness and can result in sudden cardiac death if not treated promptly. It is a serious condition that requires immediate medical intervention.
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